A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications

Yu, Wei; Xie, Huaqing

doi:10.1155/2012/435873

Cited by 881 publications

(561 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one-step method, the material is prepared through simultaneously producing and dispersing nanometer-sized materials into the PCM base fluid [30,31], while in the two-step method, nanometer-sized materials are first produced and then dispersed into the PCM base fluid [31,32]. The two-step method is the most economic method to produce the materials in large scale and has been extensively used to prepare nano-enhanced PCMs [31,[33][34][35][36]. In this method, the ultrasonic vibration technique is usually used to ensure that nanometer-sized materials are well dispersed into the base fluid [33][34][35][36] and appropriate surfactants are used to enhance the stability of nanometer-sized materials in the PCM base fluid to maintain good suspension performance [33,36].…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-enhanced phase change materials for improved building performance

Lin

Sohel

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

145

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Nano-enhanced phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted increasing attention to address one of the key barriers (i.e. low thermal conductivity) to the wide adoption of PCMs in many industrial applications. This paper discusses the generic problem and key issues associated with appropriately using this new class of materials in buildings for effective thermal management and improved energy performance. An overview on major recent development and application of nano-enhanced PCMs as thermal energy storage media is provided. A case study based on a PCM ceiling ventilation system integrated with solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors is then performed to evaluate the potential benefits due to the dispersion of copper nanoparticles into the PCM base fluid of RT24. The results showed that this nano-enhanced PCM has higher melting and solidification rates than that of the pure PCM. Compared to the use of the pure PCM, 8.3% more heat was charged in and 25.1% more heat was discharged from the nano-enhanced PCM under the three winter test days. More research is needed to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the PCM thermal conductivity enhancement through the dispersion of nanometer-sized materials and to investigate how these mechanisms drive building performance enhancement. Abstract: Nano-enhanced phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted increasing attention to address one of the key barriers (i.e. low thermal conductivity) to the wide adoption of PCMs in many industrial applications. This paper discusses the generic problem and key issues associated with appropriately using this new class of materials in buildings for effective thermal management and improved energy performance. An overview on major recent development and application of nano-enhanced PCMs as thermal energy storage media is provided. A case study based on a PCM ceiling ventilation system integrated with solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors is then performed to evaluate the potential benefits due to the dispersion of copper nanoparticles into the PCM base fluid of RT24. The results showed that this nano-enhanced PCM has higher melting and solidification rates than that of the pure PCM. Compared to the use of the pure PCM, 8.3% more heat was charged in and 25.1% more heat was discharged from the nano-enhanced PCM under the three winter test days. More research is needed to understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the PCM thermal conductivity enhancement through the dispersion of nanometer-sized materials and to investigate how these mechanisms drive building performance enhancement.

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Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-enhanced phase change materials for improved building performance

Lin

Sohel

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

145

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“…In this study, the effect of ionic exchange and the salinity of the dispersed fluid were evaluated for silicabased NPs because the stability of the nanofluid has been observed to be a significant issue in enhanced oil recovery (Yu and Xie 2012;Hendraningrat et al 2013c). Table 4 shows that different nanofluid salinities and ionic compositions corresponded to different surface conductivities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As yet, there has been no discussion in the literature on the effects of water salinity and ionic composition on novel enhanced oil recovery using nanofluids. Nanofluids are a new class of engineering fluids that represent a new interdisciplinary area of considerable importance where nanoscience, nanotechnology and thermal engineering converge (Yu and Xie 2012). A nanofluid consists of nanoparticles (NPs) with average sizes below 100 nm that are suspended in a traditional heat transfer fluid such as water, oil or ethylene glycol (Das et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nanofluid consists of nanoparticles (NPs) with average sizes below 100 nm that are suspended in a traditional heat transfer fluid such as water, oil or ethylene glycol (Das et al 2008). A nanofluid is a two-phase systems consisting of a solid and a liquid (Yu and Xie 2012), i.e., the NPs solid phase is usually dispersed in a liquid. The water salinity is a critical factor in polymer flooding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of water chemistry extends the benefits of using silica-based nanoparticles on enhanced oil recovery

Hendraningrat

Torsæter

2015

Appl Nanosci

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Chemistry of the injected water has been investigated as an important parameter to improve/enhance oil recovery (IOR/EOR). Numerous extensive experiments have observed that water chemistry, such as ionic composition and salinity, can be modified for IOR/EOR purposes. However, the possible oil displacement mechanism remains debatable. Nanoparticle recently becomes more popular that have shown a great potential for IOR/EOR purposes in lab-scale, where in most experiments, waterbased fluid were used as dispersed fluid. As yet, there has been no discussion in the literature on the study of water chemistry on enhanced oil recovery using silica-based nanoparticles. A broad range of laboratory studies involving rock, nanoparticles and fluid characterization; fluidfluid and fluid-rock interactions; surface conductivity measurement; coreflood experiment; injection strategy formulation; filtration mechanism and contact angle measurement are conducted to investigate the impact of water chemistry, such as water salinity and ionic composition including hardness cations, on the performance of silicabased nanoparticles in IOR/EOR process and reveal possible displacement mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that water salinity and ionic composition significantly impacted oil recovery using hydrophilic silica-based nanoparticles and that the oil recovery increased with the salinity. The primary findings from this study are that the water salinity, the ionic composition and the injection strategy are important parameters to be considered in Nano-EOR.

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Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage

Mondragón

Martínez‐Cuenca

Hernández

et al. 2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Thermal energy storage is a key technology in order to optimize the performance of industrial systems such as concentrating solar power plants and heat insulation in buildings. This technology can be combined with the development of new materials with enhanced thermal properties thanks to the addition of nanoparticles to a conventional material. The new materials, generally referred to as nanocomposites and nanofluids , are produced by specific procedures in order to ensure their stability over time. The main results that have been published on the enhancement of thermal properties and energy storage through sensible heat storage and phase change materials are summarized.

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A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications

Cited by 881 publications

References 124 publications

Nano-enhanced phase change materials for improved building performance

Nano-enhanced phase change materials for improved building performance

A study of water chemistry extends the benefits of using silica-based nanoparticles on enhanced oil recovery

Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage

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