A Review on Microgrids’ Challenges &amp; Perspectives

Saeed, Muhammad Hammad; Fangzong, Wang; Kalwar, Basheer Ahmed; Iqbal, Sajid

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135083

Cited by 280 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Since the input source from the solar PV system is asymmetrical, the ANN technique could replace the standard switching angles, and additionally, the switches of semiconductors are reduced. e total level for the standard inverter is given in (2).…”

Section: System Design and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality Improvement in a Solar PV Assisted Microgrid Using Upgraded ANN-Based Controller

Stonier¹,

Harish²,

Murugesan³

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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This paper proposes the design of a controller using the artificial neural network (ANN) for a solar photovoltaic (PV)-fed cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) to enhance the power quality. The objective of this presented ANN controller is to obtain a maximum output voltage with no filter components. This paper also investigates and eliminates the voltage harmonics that occurred in a solar-fed cascaded 3-stage inverter using various techniques such as pulse width modulation (PWM), digital logic control (DLC), fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and ANN, and the results are compared. Based on the results, the proposed ANN-based controller efficiently reduces harmonics and improves the power quality. This is achieved by solving the harmonic equations and thereby changing the switching angles of each semiconductor to a minimum value. The ANN is trained by a dataset consisting of varying input voltage and switching angles. The simulation was performed using MATLAB/Simulink for different types of controllers like PWM, DLC, FLC, and ANN for the 3-stage inverter. The simulated results are compared with the results obtained from a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant connected to the CMLI. Finally, on the basis of performance analysis, it was confirmed that the ANN-based controller effectively eliminates harmonics and improves the power quality.

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Section: System Design and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such grid-tie microgrid infrastructure is reliable with the microgrid (MG) consortium [2]. A microgrid (MG) has multiple load systems and an island form where the utility grid is powered [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Quality Improvement in a Solar PV Assisted Microgrid Using Upgraded ANN-Based Controller

Stonier¹,

Harish²,

Murugesan³

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…T HE penetration of microgrids (MGs) with renewable energy resources has been increasing in the power system to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental issues [1]. The traditional centralized structure of the power systems is not efficient to meet the growing electricity demand due to the power loss in the transmission network [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster-Than-Real-Time Hardware Emulation of Transients and Dynamics of a Grid of Microgrids

Cao

Lin

Dinavahi

2023

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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Enhanced environmental standards are leading to an increasing proportion of microgrids (MGs) being integrated with renewable energy resources in modern power systems, which brings new challenges to simulate such a complex system. In this work, comprehensive modeling of a grid of microgrids for faster-than-real-time (FTRT) emulation is proposed, which can be utilized in the energy control center for contingencies analysis and dynamic security assessment. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) modeling is applied to the microgrid in order to reflect the detailed device processes of the converter and renewable energy sources, while the AC grid utilizes the transient stability modeling to reduce the computational burden and obtain a high acceleration value over real-time execution. Consequently, a dynamic power injection interface is proposed for the coexistence of the two simulation types. The reconfigurability and parallelism of the field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) enable the whole system to be executed in FTRT mode with 51 times acceleration over real-time. Meanwhile, three case studies are emulated and the results are validated by the off-line simulation tool Matlab/Simulink ® .

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“…For this reason, power quality is a crucial issue in the microgrid, and one of the common problems in a microgrid is voltage instability [14]. The microgrid systems' stability and reliability depend on voltage regulation, especially with more DG interconnection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PI Controller for Hybrid Biomass- Solar Photovoltaic- Wind in Microgrid: A Case Study of Mersing, Malaysia

et al. 2022

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Renewable energy has become an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels in electric power generation systems to alleviate environmental problems in the future. Alongside the shift to renewable energy, microgrid technology has also evolved to integrate renewable energy into the power generation and distribution system. In addition, the issue of voltage stability is also a vital factor in sustaining microgrids with renewable energy integration to ensure system stability. Reports in earlier studies have included three voltage control methods such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), PI controller, and negative feed-forward voltage control, implemented to ensure voltage stability of hybrid renewable energy microgrids. However, very a few research reports apply voltage control in hybrid biomass (BM)-solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind microgrid, choosing only to focus on energy management, economic analysis, and best sizing. For this reason, this main objective of this paper is integration of hybrid Biomass-Solar Photovoltaic-Wind off-grid microgrid comprising a PI controller as the voltage control of the system based on an actual input database at a location in a small rural town named Mersing in Malaysia. Additionally, this paper also intends to illustrate the implemented efforts to support the voltage stability of the system for the Mersing case study. A PI controller with harmonic filter voltage controller is implemented in this study to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) percentage. The average power output for solar, wind, and biomass energy sources were 60kW, 20kW, and 750kW, respectively. Concurrently the measured THD voltage and current at each renewable energy and distribution line show a percentage below 10%. It is thus shown that a hybrid BM-Solar PV-wind microgrid is stable, especially for distribution lines, according to harmonic standards in the electricity supply application book by the local electricity provider Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Indeed, a PI controller with a harmonic filter has proven as an effective method for controlling the voltage instability in this study.

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A Review on Microgrids’ Challenges & Perspectives

Cited by 280 publications

References 150 publications

Power Quality Improvement in a Solar PV Assisted Microgrid Using Upgraded ANN-Based Controller

Power Quality Improvement in a Solar PV Assisted Microgrid Using Upgraded ANN-Based Controller

Faster-Than-Real-Time Hardware Emulation of Transients and Dynamics of a Grid of Microgrids

PI Controller for Hybrid Biomass- Solar Photovoltaic- Wind in Microgrid: A Case Study of Mersing, Malaysia

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