A review on hospital wastewater treatment: A special emphasis on occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds, resistant microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2

Majumder, Abhradeep; Gupta, Ashok Kumar; Ghosal, Partha; Varma, Mahesh N.

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104812

Cited by 184 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 201 publications

(413 reference statements)

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“…SARS-CoV-2 can resist standard disinfection treatments such as sodium hypochlorite and at an eco-friendly reduced concentration of free chlorine [176][177][178]. This is reflected by high levels of SARS-CoV-2 (0.05-1.87 × 10 4 /L present in wastewater even after treatment with sodium hypochlorite, perhaps due to the virus being embedded in faecal particles [179] or in association with other resistant microbes [180]. This may lead to leakage of the virus and its spread through drainage pipelines on a larger scale [179].…”

Section: Wastewater Monitoring and Surveillance For Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance

et al. 2021

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The spectrum of emerging new diseases as well as re-emerging old diseases is broadening as infectious agents evolve, adapt, and spread at enormous speeds in response to changing ecosystems. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent phenomenon and may take a while to understand its transmission routes from less traveled territories, ranging from fomite exposure routes to wastewater transmission. The critical challenge is how to negotiate with such catastrophic pandemics in high-income countries (HICs ~20% of the global population) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs ~ 80% of the global population) with a total global population size of approximately eight billion, where practical mass testing and tracing is only a remote possibility, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Keeping in mind the population distribution disparities of high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs and urbanisation trends over recent years, traditional wastewater-based surveillance such as that used to combat polio may help in addressing this challenge. The COVID-19 era differs from any previous pandemics or global health challenges in the sense that there is a great deal of curiosity within the global community to find out everything about this virus, ranging from diagnostics, potential vaccines/therapeutics, and possible routes of transmission. In this regard, the fact that the gut is the common niche for both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, and due to the shedding of the virus through faecal material into sewerage systems, the need for long-term wastewater surveillance and developing early warning systems for better preparedness at local and global levels is increasingly apparent. This paper aims to provide an insight into the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, how it can be managed, and what measures are required to deal with a current global international public health concern. Additionally, it shed light on the importance of using wastewater surveillance strategy as an early warning practical tool suitable for massive passive screening, as well as the urgent need for microfluidic technology as a rapid and cost-effective approach tracking SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

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Section: Wastewater Monitoring and Surveillance For Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance

et al. 2021

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“…For example, usage of aluminum sulfate and the magnesium oxide and poly‐dimethyl ammonium chloride in the treatment of cuttlefish‐transformation effluent removes COD up to 90%, respectively (Ellouze et al, 2003). Suarez et al (2009) and Majumder et al (2021) further suggested that the utilization of ferrous chloride is very efficient to remove TSS from hospital wastewater and has a COD removal efficiency of about 70% (Majumder et al, 2021; Suarez et al, 2009).…”

Section: Treatment Technologies Available For Saline Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Marathe

Singh

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

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“…These microorganisms can be eliminated under milder conditions than PhCs by chlorination, ultraviolet, ozone, Fenton process, photocatalysis, etc. [27][28][29], or by in situ generation of oxidizing species (advanced electrochemical oxidation processes) [30][31][32].…”

Section: Technologies For the Removal Of Pharmaceuticals In Hospital Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine

et al. 2021

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The inefficiency of conventional biological processes to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater is leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments. These compounds are characterized by high toxicity, high antibiotic activity and low biodegradability, and their presence is causing serious environmental risks. Because much of the PhCs consumed by humans are excreted in the urine, hospital effluents have been considered one of the main routes of entry of PhCs into the environment. In this work, a critical review of the technologies employed for the removal of PhCs in hospital wastewater was carried out. This review provides an overview of the current state of the developed technologies for decreasing the chemical risks associated with the presence of PhCs in hospital wastewater or urine in the last years, including conventional treatments (filtration, adsorption, or biological processes), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs).

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A review on hospital wastewater treatment: A special emphasis on occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds, resistant microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 184 publications

References 201 publications

COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance

COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine

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