A Review on Cybersickness and Usability in Virtual Environments

Mousavi, Maryam; Yap, Hwa Jen; Musa, Siti Nurmaya

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.34

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A review on VRISE and usability in VE was conducted by Musavi et al [ 32 ]. They have argued that that the VRISE is one of the drawbacks of VE and that the usability, which is an aspect of user experience, of VR technology and system is of paramount importance in the market to attract the user.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability and Comparison of Questionnaires Assessing Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects and User Experience in Virtual Environments

Somrak

Pogačnik

Guna

2021

Sensors

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Although virtual reality (VR) has already achieved technological maturity, there are still some significant drawbacks for technology acceptance and broader user adoption, presenting research challenges. Thus, there is a need for standard, reliable, and quick assessment tools for Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects (VRISE) and user experience in VR Assessing VRISE and user experience could be time consuming, especially when using objective physiological measures. In this study, we have reviewed, compared, and performed a suitability assessment of existing standard measures for evaluating VRISE and user experience in VR We have developed a first-person VR game with different scenes and different conditions. For assessing VRISE symptoms, we have used the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and Fast Motion Sickness Score (FMS). For assessing user experience, we have used the short version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S). We have also used a novel Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire (VRNQ) for assessing VRISE and user experience aspects. The result has shown that FMS and VRNQ (VRISE section) are suitable for quick assessment of VRISE and that VRNQ (User experience section) is suitable for assessing user experience. The advantage of FMS and VRNQ questionnaires is that they are shorter to fulfill and easier to understand. FMS also enables to record the VRISE levels during the virtual experience and thus capturing its trend over time. Another advantage of the VRNQ is that it also provides the minimum and parsimonious cut-offs to appraise the suitability of VR software, which we have confirmed in our study to be adequate.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability and Comparison of Questionnaires Assessing Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects and User Experience in Virtual Environments

Somrak

Pogačnik

Guna

2021

Sensors

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“…Using results from subgroup comparisons, we defined two broad classes of moderator variables referring to VR technology-related variables (e.g., immersion and presence, customization of VR systems), sample and study methodology (e.g., age, clinical diagnosis, nature of the control groups used as comparators). We were also interested in safety issues related to the use of VR especially with vulnerable populations, particularly regarding adverse effects of VR exposure [ 19 , 20 ]. Thirdly, we assessed whether VR is safe by quantifying the number and severity of adverse effects reported in the reviews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

Voinescu

Sui

Fraser

2021

JCM

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Neurological disorders are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Can virtual reality (VR) based intervention, a novel technology-driven change of paradigm in rehabilitation, reduce impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions? This question is directly addressed here for the first time using an umbrella review that assessed the effectiveness and quality of evidence of VR interventions in the physical and cognitive rehabilitation of patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy, identified factors that can enhance rehabilitation outcomes and addressed safety concerns. Forty-one meta-analyses were included. The data synthesis found mostly low- or very low-quality evidence that supports the effectiveness of VR interventions. Only a limited number of comparisons were rated as having moderate and high quality of evidence, but overall, results highlight potential benefits of VR for improving the ambulation function of children with cerebral palsy, mobility, balance, upper limb function, and body structure/function and activity of people with stroke, and upper limb function of people with acquired brain injury. Customization of VR systems is one important factor linked with improved outcomes. Most studies do not address safety concerns, as only nine reviews reported adverse effects. The results provide critical recommendations for the design and implementation of future VR programs, trials and systematic reviews, including the need for high quality randomized controlled trials to test principles and mechanisms, in primary studies and in meta-analyses, in order to formulate evidence-based guidelines for designing VR-based rehabilitation interventions.

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“…Although the exact causes underlying the appearance of cybersickness are unknown, there are different theories that try to explain this phenomenon. Currently, the most widely accepted are the sensory conflict theory, the posture instability theory, and the poison theory (LaViola, 2000;Mousavi et al, 2013;Stanney et al, 2020). Briefly, the theory of sensory conflict explains that cybersickness arises because the exposure to VR causes a conflict between the vestibular system of the inner ear and the other senses, mainly sight (Davis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Definition and Causes Of Cybersicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the theory of posture instability proposes that the visual alterations produced by VR, such as accelerations and rotations, and the contrast between the virtual environment and the real one in which the user is, reduce the stability of the posture, a factor that according to this theory is essential for the human being and that when affected gives way to cybersickness (Davis et al, 2014;Dennison & D'Zmura, 2017;LaViola, 2000). The poison theory is based on the idea that experiences with VR influence the visual and vestibular system in a similar way to when a toxic substance is ingested, which produces confusion in the brain, making it think that the body is being intoxicated and causing a bodily process aimed at eliminating the supposed substances, which result in cybersickness (Davis et al, 2014;Mousavi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Definition and Causes Of Cybersicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the exact causes of cybersickness are currently unknown, as mentioned previously, different theories such as the sensory conflict, the posture instability, and the poison theory, are generally the most accepted (La Viola, 2000;Mousavi et al, 2013;Silva & Fernando, 2019). In this regard, the recent review by Stanney et al (2020) and results by Kim et al (2020b), highlight the multisensory reweighting / integration hypothesis, which proposes that susceptibility to cybersickness may be related to the speed at which individuals are able to balance the conflicting multisensory signals produced by the virtual environment.…”

Section: Pervasiveness and Longitudinal Trajectories Of Cybersicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focusing on Cybersickness: Pervasiveness, Latent Trajectories, Susceptibility, and Effects on the Virtual Reality Experience

Frías-Hiciano¹,

Moreno-Jiménez²,

Gn³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although virtual reality (VR) usage has steadily increased in the last decade, its adoption has been hampered by experiences of user discomfort known as cybersickness. The present study, in line with the 2020 cybersickness research agenda, sought to provide a broad examination of the cybersickness phenomenon, assessing its pervasiveness, latent trajectories, impacts on the VR experience, and predictor variables. The study was composed of 92 participants living in the Dominican Republic with ages ranging from 18 to 52 years (M=26.22), who experienced a 10-minute VR immersion in two environments designed for psychotherapy. The results indicated that cybersickness was pervasive, with 65.2% of the participants experiencing it, and 23.9% severely. Additionally, the latent trajectories of cybersickness were positive and curvilinear, with large heterogeneity across individuals. Cybersickness also had a substantive negative impact on the user experience and the intentions to adopt the VR technology. Finally, motion sickness susceptibility, cognitive stress, and recent headaches, uniquely predicted greater severity of cybersickness, while age was negatively related. These combined results highlight the critical role that cybersickness plays on the VR experience and underscore the importance of finding solutions to the problems, such as technological advancements or special usage protocols for the more susceptible individuals.

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A Review on Cybersickness and Usability in Virtual Environments

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Suitability and Comparison of Questionnaires Assessing Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects and User Experience in Virtual Environments

Suitability and Comparison of Questionnaires Assessing Virtual Reality-Induced Symptoms and Effects and User Experience in Virtual Environments

Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

Focusing on Cybersickness: Pervasiveness, Latent Trajectories, Susceptibility, and Effects on the Virtual Reality Experience

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