A Review on Comparative Analytical Approach Towards Chemical Pesticides to Bio Pesticides

Abstract

The inappropriate and excessive use of agricultural pesticides now a day creating a major impact on the environment including human health causing contamination of soils, agricultural crops and groundwater. Chemical insecticides such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, triazines are very important and effective in modern crop management but they pose serious threats to the human health, wildlife, natural environment and economic benefits. Therefore, the need to feed an ever-increasing global population combined with increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has geared a significant increase in demand for bio pesticides. Bio pesticides have various advantages over the chemical ones, most importantly they are found to be more cost effective make environment healthy. In this paper, the various chemical pesticides and bio pesticides are listed and application of bio pesticides as a safe pesticide used to control the pest in order to maintain the sustainability in the agricultural production was discussed. The paper has also described the transition of chemical pesticides to bio pesticides and their consumption demand in the Indian market across the states. ClassIA Extremely dangerous/extremely toxic, estimated respective lethal dose (LD50 mg/kg body weight<5) eg. Parathion, Dieldrin Class IB Highly dangerous/highly toxic (LD50 mg/kg body weight 5-50) eg. Eldrin, Dichlorvos Class II Moderately hazardous/moderately toxic (LD50 mg/kg body weight 50-2000) eg. DDT, Chlordane Class III Slightly hazardous/slightly toxic) (LD50 mg/kg body weight over 2000) eg. Malathion. Class U Unlikely to present acute hazard (LD50 mg/kg body weight 5000 or higher) eg. Cycloprothrin, carbetamide

Technological Cooperation for Sustainable Innovation and Competitiveness in the Biological Control of Pests

“…TheUnitedNationsestimatestheworldpopulationtoreach10billionby2050,requiringanincrease of 70% in food production (Chaturvedi & Khandelwal, 2019). Higher food demand, especially in developing countries, indicates the need for sustainable agribusiness, sustainable agricultural production, and innovative solutions (Da Silva, 2012;European Commission, 2012;Naranjo, Ellsworth,&Frisvold,2014).Furthermore,"globalizationandexpansionofinternationalmarkets, as well as the fast-growing middle and high income classes in many developing countries, offer opportunitiestogrowersfromdevelopingcountriestooperateinemergingnationalandinternational markets" (Trienekens,2011,p.52).…”