A review on applications of urban flood models in flood mitigation strategies

Qi, Wang; Ma, Chao; Xu, Hongshi; Chen, Zifan; Zhao, Kai; Han, Hao

doi:10.1007/s11069-021-04715-8

Cited by 101 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Traditional flood prevention and control measures include the construction and maintenance of reservoirs, floodwalls and other engineering flood defences, also known as "hard flood protection strategies". In addition, "soft flood protection strategies" have received more and more attention, which include conducting spatial planning that takes into account flood risk, developing laws and regulations on risk management, and nature-based measures, such as returning farmland to forests and lakes, building wetland parks (Filatova 2014;Du et al 2019Du et al , 2020Qi et al 2021). Regardless of the scale of flood disaster, it is necessary to adopt a integrated strategy of hard and soft measures, while risk management and adaptation strategies focus on different aspects for floods of different scales.…”

Section: Implications For Flood Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

2022

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Floods are great threats to human life and property. Extensive research has investigated the spatiotemporal variation in flood occurrence, while few have studied the heterogeneity in global flood events of different sizes, which may require different coping strategies and risk reduction policies. In this study, we analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of global flood events with different affected areas (classified in three levels) during 1985–2019 and examined the contribution of different influencing factors to flood-induced mortality using Geodetector. The results show that (1) the increase in global flood frequency was mainly caused by Level II and Level III floods, and the average area affected by flood events has been increasing yearly since 1985. (2) In America and Africa, the frequency of Level III floods has increased monotonically. At the same time, the frequency of Level I floods in Europe and Level II floods in Asia has increased significantly. (3) For Europe and Asia, most of the deaths occurred with Level II floods; while for America and Africa, Level III floods caused the most mortality. (4) The top three factors contributing to the spatial heterogeneity in flood-induced mortality were the affected population, GDP per capita and flood duration. The contribution of each factor varied among the different types of floods. Topographic factors (percentage of mountainous area) magnified flood-induced mortality during extreme events with heavy rainfall, especially for Level III floods. The heterogeneity in flood frequency and flood-induced mortality indicates that flood protection measures should be more targeted. In addition, the increase in large-scale floods (Level III) highlights the need for transregional cooperation in flood risk management.

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Section: Implications For Flood Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

2022

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“…An urban flood model is useful in the assessment, study, and forecasting of flood conditions for reliable flood mitigation measures (Qi et al, 2021). In this study, the flood model used is the PCSWMM model (based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's SWMM5 model), which is a dynamic rainfall runoff model designed to simulate single and long-term events specifically for urban areas (Rossman, 2005;CHI, 2020).…”

Section: Description Of the Hydrological Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flood Forecasting Framework Coupling a High Resolution WRF Ensemble With an Urban Hydrologic Model

et al. 2022

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Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are increasingly used over the Indian region to forecast extreme rainfall events. However, studies which explore the application of high-resolution rainfall simulations obtained from the WRF model in urban hydrology are limited. In this paper, the utility of a model coupling framework to predict urban floods is explored through the case study of Bangalore city in India. This framework is used to simulate multiple extreme events that occurred over the city for the monsoons of years 2020 and 2021. To address the uncertainty from the WRF model, a 12-member convection permitting ensemble is used. Model configurations using Kain Fritsch and WSM6 parameterization schemes could simulate the spatial and temporal pattern of the selected event. The city is easily flooded with rainfall events above a threshold of 60 mm/day and to capture the response of the urban catchment, the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) is used in this study. Flood forecasts are created using the outputs from the WRF ensemble and the Global Forecasting System (GFS). The high temporal and spatial resolution of the rainfall forecasts (<4 km at 15-min intervals), has proved critical in reproducing the urban flood event. The flood forecasts created using the WRF ensemble indicate that flooding and water levels are comparable to the observed whereas the GFS underestimates these to a large extent. Thus, the coupled WRF–PCSWMM modelling framework is found effective in forecasting flood events over an Indian city.

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“…Flooding and combined sewer overflow (CSO) are inevitable problems of many urban drainage systems (UDSs) around the world (Liao et al., 2019; Ochoa et al., 2019; Qi et al., 2021; Xie et al., 2017; Zhi et al., 2020). Traditional solutions to these problems provide improvement in the capacity of the drainage infrastructure by expanding pipes and building detention basins/low‐impact development (Batalini de Macedo et al., 2021; Chan et al., 2018; Yazdi, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flooding and Overflow Mitigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on Koopman Operator of Urban Drainage Systems

Tian

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Water Resources Research

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A review on applications of urban flood models in flood mitigation strategies

Cited by 101 publications

References 154 publications

Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

Spatiotemporal variation in global floods with different affected areas and the contribution of influencing factors to flood-induced mortality (1985–2019)

A Flood Forecasting Framework Coupling a High Resolution WRF Ensemble With an Urban Hydrologic Model

Flooding and Overflow Mitigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on Koopman Operator of Urban Drainage Systems

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