Neste estudo, foi desenvolvido um teste de toxicidade rápido, utilizando-se a bactéria Klebsiella oxytoca como organismo-teste. Ensaios com Escherichia coli foram usados como referência. A inibição do crescimento bacteriano foi avaliada por um sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo (FIA) com detecção condutométrica do CO 2 produzido durante o processo respiratório. Os resultados foram expressos em termos de CE 50 (concentração efetiva). A bactéria K. oxytoca foi mais resistente que a E. coli. A ordem de sensibilidade da K. oxytoca em relação aos metais foi Hg 2+ > Cd 2+ > Cu 2+ e para E. coli, Hg 2+ > Cu 2+ > Cd 2+ . Para o detergente Laborhex 2 (princípio ativo: digluconato de clorexidina), o CE 50 foi 1,55 ± 0,32 mg L -1 e 0,32 ± 0,10 mg L -1 para K. oxytoca e E. coli, respectivamente, enquanto que para o detergente Riodeine Degermant (princípio ativo: iodeto de polivinilpirrolidona-PVP-I), ambas as bactérias apresentaram sensibilidades bem semelhantes, 11,0 ± 1,7 mg L -1 e 12,0 ± 2,0 mg L -1 , respectivamente.In this study, the Klebsiella oxytoca bacterium was used as a test organism in short-term toxicity evaluations, and Escherichia coli was used as reference. The inhibition of bacterial growth was quantified by flow injection analysis (FIA) via conductometric measurements of the CO 2 produced during respiration. The results were expressed as effective concentration (EC 50 ) values. K. oxytoca was more resistant than E. coli in respect to growth inhibition. The metal sensitivity order for K. oxytoca was found to be Hg 2+ > Cd 2+ > Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ > Cu 2+ > Cd 2+ for E. coli. The sensitivity to the Laborhex 2 detergent (active ingredient: chlorhexidine digluconate) was 1.55 ± 0.32 mg L -1 and 0.32 ± 0.10 mg L -1 for K. oxytoca and E. coli, respectively. The bacteria showed comparable sensitivities to the Riodeine Degermant detergent (active ingredient: polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine-PVP-I), of 11.0 ± 1.7 mg L -1 and 12.0 ± 2.0 mg L -1 , for K. oxytoca and E. coli, respectively. Keywords: short-term toxicity test, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, heavy metals, hospital detergents
IntroductionThe toxicity of a compound is usually defined in terms of the biological response of a particular organism to a toxin, such that toxicity reflects the harmful effects on an organism upon exposure to a given concentration of a chemical agent for a given period of time. In a toxicity test, organisms are used to identify the minimum concentration of a chemical agent that results in disturbance, which determines the level at which exposure becomes harmful.The tests may be used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical products available in the market, to appraise the quality of surface waters, to monitor and verify the efficiency of systems that treat wastewaters and effluents, 1,2 to evaluate the effects of industrial effluent discharge into surface waters or in wastewater treatment plants, 3,4 or to evaluate the deleterious actions of industrial products. 5 The tests can also evaluate the sensitivity of an organism to a subs...