Factors determining the accumulation of pentachlorophenol — a precursor of dioxins in bottom sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)

Kobusińska, Marta; Skauradszun, Maria; Niemirycz, Elżbieta

doi:10.2478/s13545-014-0128-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, although PCP and Na‐PCP are thought not to be produced in the area of the Pilica River catchment, it does not mean that they were not used in the area. Lewandowski et al (2014) and Kobusińska et al (2014) noted contamination with PCP in the bottom sediment of the mouth section of the Vistula River (the Pilica River receiver) and the Gulf of Gdańsk. In addition, PCDD congeners are less water soluble than PCDFs, reflected in their octanol–water partition coefficient ( K OW ) (Shiu et al, 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are environmental contaminants that have widespread distribution and pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems. We conducted a study to quantify the distribution, patterns, and transport of PCDDs and PCDFs along the Pilica River in central Poland under different hydrological conditions to estimate the loads of these compounds and understand their fate in aquatic systems. Water samples were collected at five sampling points along the river that represent a range of hydrological conditions including flooding and stable and low water flows. Reduced river water flow was associated with lower average total and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDDs plus PCDFs: 33.6 pg L and 4.21 pg TEQ L for flooding; 28.3 pg L and 3.6 pg TEQ L for stable flow; 18.4 pg L and 1.0 pg TEQ L for low-water flow. Similar results were observed for daily loadings of total and TEQ concentrations: the highest values were observed during flooding (331.1-839.4 mg d and 27.8-110.7 mg TEQ d), medium under stable hydrological conditions (55.8-121.0 mg d and 7.7-15.3 mg TEQ d), and the lowest values during low water flow (30.9 and 40.3 mg d and 1.4-2.4 mg TEQ d). The results demonstrate that diffuse sources of pollution play a key role during periods of high water flow (i.e., flooding season), whereas point sources of pollution, including municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant discharges, mainly determine the PCDD and PCDF concentrations seen during low water periods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

et al. 2015

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“…The sedimentary conditions in the presented regions are related mainly to mixing of riverine and marine water masses, and a significant content of organic matter in the transported material is known to be conducive to sedimentation via flocculation (Konat & Kowalewska 2001, Szymczak et al 2013. In this region, increased concentrations of other organic pollutants, such as pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated biphenyls or mercury, have been recorded (Konat & Kowalewska 2001, Szefer 2002, Kobusińska et al 2014. However, the offshore regions are more susceptible to contamination by the atmospheric deposition, which is the case of organic pollutants such as dioxins (Larsson et al 2000).…”

Section: Surface Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the Gdańsk Basin area

Witt

Kobusińska

Maciak

et al. 2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Toxicity assessment of environmental compartments, in particular sediments as a highly complex matrix, provides a more direct way to assess potential adverse effects of pollutants present in a sample in contrast to chemical analysis estimating only a quantitative level of xenobiotics. Interactions between chemicals, formations of derivatives and the influence of chemical properties of sediments such as the organic matter content causing the intensified sorption of hydrophobic pollutants suggest that a traditional approach to the sediment quality, based only on chemical analysis may be insufficient. The presented study describes the vertical and horizontal variability of toxicity of Gdańsk Basin sediments. Based on 128 surface sediments samples and using geostatistical methods, a prediction map for the EC50 parameter was created. This allowed the evaluation of the toxicity of the surface sediment layer at any selected point of the study area. The applied analysis can be functional for many other locations worldwide. In the present study, the hypothesis about the location of toxic sediments in the vicinity of Gdańsk Deep, outer Puck Bay and close to Vistula River mouth was further confirmed.

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“…e previous research revealed that the highest concentration of PCP wasobserved in the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Gdańsk Basin, suggesting a continuous in ow of this contaminant by the Vistula River and its sedimentation (Kobusińska et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Unlimited use of the PCP technical solvent, which contained about 14% of other, so-called microcontaminants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), has resulted in an increased supply of PCP to agricultural lands, and hence its discharge into the Baltic Sea. Despite the restrictions on its use, high concentrations of this compound are continuously recorded in the marine environment (Kobusińska et al 2014;Lewandowski et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partition of pentachlorophenol (PCP) into particulate and dissolved phases in the waters of the Vistula River mouth at the Gulf of Gdańsk

Kobusińska

Witt

Lewandowski

et al. 2016

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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The Vistula River plays an important role in the supply of autochthonous and allochthonous material to the Gulf of Gdansk. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) of fluvial origin is considered to constitute a specific sorbent for halogenated organic compounds due to their lipophilic characteristics and relative solubility. Because there are many factors affecting the input of SPM into the estuarine environment of the Gulf of Gdansk, e.g. hydrological characteristics of the Vistula River, it became necessary to verify whether the same processes may affect a discharge of organic contaminants. The study presents an approach to the assessment of temporal trends in SPM concentration in the Vistula River discharged into the Gulf of Gdansk as well as the analysis of pentachlorophenol (PCP), a commonly used agricultural biocide, a precursor of dioxins in either dissolved or particulate phases in the river (the Vistula River) and sea waters (the Gulf of Gdansk). The study revealed that the hydrological characteristics appear to influence a load of SPM. However, the discharge of PCP is additionally related to the environmental conditions, physicochemical properties of the compound and the sorbent, affecting the partitioning of PCP into dissolved and particulate phases.

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Factors determining the accumulation of pentachlorophenol — a precursor of dioxins in bottom sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)

Abstract: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its derivatives are considered to be the precursors of dioxins, thus their concentrations in environmental compartments remain relatively correlated.

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

The Role of Hydrology in the Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p -dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in a Lowland River

Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the Gdańsk Basin area

Partition of pentachlorophenol (PCP) into particulate and dissolved phases in the waters of the Vistula River mouth at the Gulf of Gdańsk

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