“…Several technologies, such as adsorption, are known to have good efficiency in removing DBPs from water ( Jiang et al., 2017 ; Zainudin et al., 2018; Verdugo et al., 2020 ). In addition, a biological approach using microbes, as a green technology and being inexpensive to operate and maintain compared with other physicochemical techniques ( Imron et al., 2020 ; Kurniawan et al., 2021c ), can be explored to biodegrade DBPs effectively, although this method may impose long retention time ( Ighalo et al., 2022 ; Igwegbe et al., 2022 ). Through implementing these technologies as advanced treatment for ballast water before discharge, the potential impact of DBPs can be greatly reduced, and marine environmental pollution can be prevented.…”