A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Dickman, Rebecca A.; Aga, Diana S.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129120

Cited by 114 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…These characteristics have resulted in the widespread use of PFAS in adhesives, coatings, and firefighting foams [ 2 ]. However, PFAS have received increasing global attention because of their persistence and toxicity in the natural environment, posing a severe threat to human health [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. As a result, PFAS were included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2009 [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Rice Paddy Lysimeter with an Andosol

Eun

Yamazaki

Taniyasu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The properties of potential emerging persistent contaminants, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), in an andosol rice paddy lysimeter were analyzed to determine their mobility and leaching behavior regarding carbon chain length and functional groups. For this purpose, simulated contaminated water (ΣPFAS = 1,185,719 ng/L) was used in the lysimeter. The results showed that PFAS distribution in the paddy soil lysimeter was influenced by the migration of these substances into irrigation water and their adsorption into the soil. PFHxS (C6) and PFOS (C8), which are the main components of the simulated contaminated water, were mostly captured in the soil layers of the low-humic andosol layer (0–35 cm). PFAS distribution may depend on soil properties, such as total carbon (TC) content. Compared with perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs), the distribution of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in soil showed significant variation. The remaining PFCAs were distributed across all layers of the lysimeter, except for the longer-chain PFCAs. Moreover, the PFSA distribution was directly correlated with the carbon chain number, whereby longer- and shorter-chain PFSAs accumulated in the top and bottom soil layers, respectively. This study provides detailed information on the distribution, leaching, uptake, and accumulation of individual PFAS in andosol paddy fields in Japan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Rice Paddy Lysimeter with an Andosol

Eun

Yamazaki

Taniyasu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…demonstrated great ability in removing PFASs from aqueous solutions [43]. In addition to simple adsorption, the involvement of radical species through various heterogeneous catalytic processes towards multi-synergistic based PFASs remediation has also assisted the decontamination aspects [48]. The decomposition reaction of PFASs (e.g., PFCA) is initiated by a Kolbe decarboxylation in an electron acceptor forming perfluoroalkyl radicals.…”

Section: Figure 1 Pfas Cycle Illustrating Their Ubiquitous Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Per-/Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Treatment and Mechanistic Insights: Photo-catalyst and Photo-Electro-catalyst Materials Application

Penke

Kar

2022

Preprint

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The PFASs contamination (Per-/Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances ~ 4000 compounds) is influencing the humane through soil and aquifers contamination, resulting in the endocrine-disrupting symptoms (EDS). PFASs decontamination involves both (i) Capture/non-degradation techniques and (ii) Degradation techniques. In the present work, a detailed discussion on various photo-catalytic/electrocatalytic electrode materials (Fe/Ti/Zn/Bi/C etc.) over PFASs degradation is provided. The authors have focused onto the recent literature published in the last couple of years for citing research outputs and schematic figures. The analysis of both radical species (e.g., hydroxyl/sulphate species) and direct electron transfer (DET) mechanisms are given. An insightful discussion of the impact on various degradation mechanisms (decarboxylation, and hydrodefluorination) onto various PFASs has been provided. A different set of examples are provided in describing both electron (e-) based oxidation and hole (h+) based oxidation phenomenon. The state-of-the-art novel inventions towards pilot-scale studies and field-level applications are discussed with explaining the possible limitations (e.g., light source etc.). The factors influencing the degradation process (i.e., Electrode potential, Current density, Impact of dosage, pH, Radical species, Competing ions, Temperature and light source) are also detailed prior to the future perspective and conclusions.

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“…These persistent industrial chemical wastes are toxic to living beings. Human and animal studies of PFAS revealed that these substances could lead to neurological, liver, and lung problems and disrupt hormonal balance. − Additionally, the cancerous effect of PFAS was investigated, and results indicate that PFAS exposure increases the risk of getting kidney and testicular cancer. , Epidemiological studies have also shown that exposure to specific PFAS has several health effects: immunosuppression among children, adolescents, and adults as well as other targeted organs such as the placenta in pregnant women; there is also sufficient proven evidence indicating that PFAS exposure would affect breast milk production and breastfeeding duration. − There are also findings linking PFAS with elevated cholesterol levels and significant birth defects. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such a method is limited to the referenced PFAS in the literature. The emergence of more reliable methods, i.e., suspect screenings and non-targeted analyses (NTA), has improved the level of coverage in identifying new emerging PFAS and enhanced our knowledge of their distribution . New methods are used to identify new PFAS and their isomers in aqueous samples, such as COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real-Solvents (COSMO-RS) and in silico PFAS fragmentation modeling together with data mining software …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Investigation of Structure–Function Relationship in Fluorine-Functionalized MOFs for PFOA Capture from Water

et al. 2023

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A strategy that can be used to develop metal− organic frameworks (MOFs) to capture per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water is functionalizing them with fluorine moieties. We investigated different fluorine-functionalization strategies and their performance in removing PFAS from water using molecular simulations. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the most widely encountered PFAS in water sources, was used as the probe molecule. Our simulations show that fluorine functionalization by incorporating fluorinated anions as bridging ligands in MOFs creates additional binding sites for PFOA; however, the same sites also attract water molecules, which casts doubt on their potential use. In contrast, trifluoromethyl or fluorine substitution of the MOF ligands results in higher hydrophobicity. However, the pores fluorinated with this method should have the optimum size to accommodate PFOA. Likewise, post-synthetic fluorine functionalization of MOFs through grafting of perfluorinated alkanes showed increased PFOA affinity. Fluorine-functionalized MOFs with high hydrophobicity and optimized pore sizes can effectively capture PFOA from water at very low concentrations of PFOA.

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A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Cited by 114 publications

References 105 publications

Evaluating the Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Rice Paddy Lysimeter with an Andosol

Evaluating the Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Rice Paddy Lysimeter with an Andosol

Per-/Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Treatment and Mechanistic Insights: Photo-catalyst and Photo-Electro-catalyst Materials Application

Computational Investigation of Structure–Function Relationship in Fluorine-Functionalized MOFs for PFOA Capture from Water

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