A Review of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Based Adders

Singh, Gurmohan; Sarin, R. K.; Raj, Balwinder

doi:10.14257/ijhit.2017.10.4.04

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Tis sort of wire crossing is quite identical to the conventional interconnect system in the CMOS process, where several metal layers are being used. In the case of two parallel wires/ lines containing diferent signals, the spacing of one QCA cell is required [25,27]. Terefore, the distance between two QCA wires/lines is equivalent to the length/width of a QCA cell (18 nm).…”

Section: Qca Wire and Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it takes a lot of time for circuit designers and researchers to build, analyze, and simulate every circuit to determine the optimal QCA FA circuit based on their design constraints and requirements. Existing review papers only contain a handful number of circuits [25][26][27]. Also, they fail to provide a comprehensive performance comparison of QCA FAs based on various metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Full Adder Design: Comprehensive Review and Performance Comparison

Joy

Chakraborty

Islam

et al. 2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Being one of the promising techniques for future computing systems, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)-based circuit design has gained massive interest among researchers due to which numerous QCA-based full adder (FA) circuits have been designed. Due to numerous QCA FA circuits available in the existing literature, researchers find it difficult to invest the time to search, implement, simulate, and analyze QCA FAs to find the best-suited design according to their needs. Existing review articles do not present a complete overview and performance comparison of QCA FAs. Also, the existing articles do not include quite a number of QCA FA designs in the literature review. As a result, a detailed review including all possible QCA FAs becomes essential. Therefore, rather than going for a new QCA FA design, this research aims to aid researchers by providing an extensive literature review and comprehensive study on existing QCA FAs. A total of 47 QCA FAs have been considered for analysis. The QCA FA implementation method and performance parameters are summarized in a tabular manner to provide a quick overview and comparison of the QCA FAs.

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Section: Qca Wire and Data Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Full Adder Design: Comprehensive Review and Performance Comparison

Joy

Chakraborty

Islam

et al. 2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…A full adder is the most basic component in arithmetic units of processors. Many researchers reported QCA-based adders in literatures [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In most of the QCA-based XOR and adder designs, the performance of circuits has been computed in terms of generalised parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault‐tolerant design and analysis of QCA‐based circuits

Singh

Raj

Sarin

2018

IET Circuits, Devices & Systems

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Emerging nanoscale computing structure quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is evolving as a possible replacement for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology in near future. Being a new technology, it is prone to various types of fabrication-related faults and process variations. So, QCA-based circuits are prone to errors, and therefore pose significant reliability-related issues. Hence, there is an emerging need to design fault-tolerant QCA-based circuits to mitigate the reliability issues. This study first presents QCA-based new designs of 2-input Exclusive-OR gate and 1 bit full adder using conventional design approach without redundant QCA cells. Then, the fault tolerance has been implemented in these designs by introducing redundant QCA cells. The proposed circuits exhibit significant improvements in fault-tolerant capability against cell omission, misalignment, displacement, and extra cell deposition defects. The proposed fault-tolerant designs have been compared with existing designs in terms of generalised design metrics of QCA circuits. Energy dissipation results have been computed for the proposed fault-tolerant circuits using accurate QCAPro power estimator tool. Influence of temperature variations on the polarisation of the proposed fault-tolerant circuits has also been investigated. The functionality of the proposed circuits has been verified with QCADesigner version 2.0.3 tool.

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