A review of integrated geophysical investigations from archaeological and cultural sites under encroaching urbanisation in İzmir, Turkey

Drahor, Mahmut G.

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2011.03.010

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Recently, geophysical techniques have started to be applied as a method for capturing the integrity degree of standing monuments (e.g. Pérez-Gracia et al, 2008;Masini et al, 2010;Tsourlos and Tsokas, 2011) or investigating the complex changes of the physical environment in urbanized regions giving rise to the relatively new study field of "urban geophysics" (Basile et al, 2000;Ciminale and Gallo, 2008;Papadopoulos et al, 2009;Drahor, 2011;Drahor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering the small theatre and amphitheatre of ancient Ierapytna (SE Crete) by integrated geophysical methods

Papadopoulos

Sarris

Salvi

et al. 2012

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering the small theatre and amphitheatre of ancient Ierapytna (SE Crete) by integrated geophysical methods

Papadopoulos

Sarris

Salvi

et al. 2012

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…This technique has been found to be effective in identifying the most appropriate site for excavation (Malik, Sahoo, & Shah, ), especially in shallow depths of up to 50 m, where other sophisticated geophysical methods are ‘blind’ (Maurya et al, ). Owing to its fast and cost‐effective provision of information on archaeological sites (Drahor, ), this method has been routinely in use for the past 25 years to locate shallow sub‐surface targets and to create 3D images of sub‐surface features.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archaeological and urban sites have complex sub‐surface structures that may produce complex reflection profiles that are difficult to interpret accurately. The radar wave velocity of the sub‐surface can be determined by diffraction hyperbola shapes, except for common mid‐point (CMP) data sets (Drahor, ) and quantitative measuring using the time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) technique (Leckebusch, ). With the advent of sophisticated data acquisition and processing techniques in recent years (Booth, Linford, Clark, & Murray, ; Conyers, , , , , ; Conyers & Leckebusch, ), GPR provides useful information in the form of 2D and 3D representations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of buried historical structures in the Kaveri–Kollidam interfluve, southern India

Ramkumar

Kumaraswamy

Balasubramani

et al. 2018

Archaeological Prospection

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The Srirangam interfluve, formed between the Kaveri and Kollidam Rivers in southern India, has been a religious and cultural human settlement for over 2000 years of recorded history. It contains thousands of ancient, yet in use, man-made structures.Owing to its geographic location, and episodic catastrophic floods from the Kaveri and Kollidam Rivers, the region has been inundated frequently leading to the burial of many smaller structures. Thematic maps of geomorphology, vegetation index, land use, digital elevation model, slope, etc., have been generated through multi-temporal remote sensing satellite images. A compilation of historic (stone inscriptions, temple documents) and literature data followed by detailed survey of the region using vertical electrical sounding (VES) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) through 200 and 400 MHz shielded antennas has led to the discovery of several buried manmade structures at various depths ranging from 0.54 to 3.55 m below ground level (b.g.l.) that were known only in the literature, hearsay and folklore. The VES, GPR and field surveys delineated four major soil/sediment horizons below the ground surface. Sedimentological characteristics of a massive river sand bed found overlying a weathered zone suggest deposition during a major catastrophic flood. The occurrence of flood deposits burying historic structures especially adjoining the regional tectonic structure indicate episodically active climatic and tectonic processes that played a significant role in the burial of ancient-historic land surface and manmade structures that were under desolation after invasion and desecration by war-lords of yore. This study demonstrates the potential of combining traditional knowledge and modern technologies to gain insights to locate historic/archaeological sites and discover buried structures.

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“…Belshe, ; Aitken, ; Hesse et al ., ; Scollar, ; Linington, ; Bevan, ; Vaughan, ; the updated state of the art can be evaluated in Clark (), Gaffney and Gater () and Witten () and references cited therein]. Approaches including more than one geophysical technique are also common (Tsokas et al ., ; Neubauer and Eder‐Hinterleitner, ; Batayneh et al ., ; Pellerin, ; Seren et al ., ; Gaffney et al ., ; Drahor, , ; Drahor et al , ; Forte and Pipan, ; Bagaloni et al ., ; Abbas et al ., ; Apostolopoulos, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approaches including more than one geophysical technique are also common (Tsokas et al, 1994;Neubauer and Eder-Hinterleitner, 1997;Batayneh et al, 2001;Pellerin, 2002;Seren et al, 2004;Gaffney et al, 2004;Drahor, 2006Drahor, , 2011Drahor et al, 2008a;Forte and Pipan, 2008;Bagaloni et al, 2011;Abbas et al, 2012;Apostolopoulos, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical and Archaeological Characterization of a Modest Roman Villa: Methodological Considerations about Progressive Feedback Analyses in Sites with Low Geophysical Contrast

Anchuela

Blasco

Benito

et al. 2015

Archaeological Prospection

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The low contrast in physical properties of archaeological elements compared to the host soil is a common drawback in geophysical surveys applied to subtle archaeological sites because those contrasts are usually what are being measured by most instruments. Furthermore, when archaeological elements and construction remains are placed within the same package of materials, differentiation of each can make the interpretation of geophysical data sometimes difficult. In this work we propose a dynamic, integrated approach for the characterization of an archaeological site with simple Roman construction materials in order to evaluate methodological considerations in the evaluation of this kind of sites. This approach includes: (i) a preliminary evaluation of construction material characteristics, according to the background provided by the historical and geographical context and from previous excavations, (ii) measurements of magnetic susceptibility of archaeological and natural materials in the site for direct modelling of the expected anomalies; (iii) a geophysical survey including magnetometry, multifrequency electromagnetic (EM) method and ground penetrating radar (GPR) (100, 250 and 500 MHz centre frequency antennas); (iv) geophysical data evaluation for planning subsequent systematic surveys; (v) dynamic interpretation of geophysical results through careful data evaluation of all previous steps. The final archaeological model from geophysical data has been successful due to the manner of data interpretation looking for orthogonal patterns of geophysical anomalies that were hypothesized to be subsurface walls. Modelling was then followed by archaeological excavations consisting of three trenches where the walls were exposed. The integration of geophysical data with excavations has permitted to evaluate significance of the different geophysical analysis and to identify their archaeological meaning. The proposed sequential methodology represents an innovative manner of analysis (i) in subtle sites where construction remains are scarce and the absence of well‐defined geophysical contrasts can limit the results of usual surveys and (ii) to increase the efficiency in the evaluation of more extensive survey areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A review of integrated geophysical investigations from archaeological and cultural sites under encroaching urbanisation in İzmir, Turkey

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Rediscovering the small theatre and amphitheatre of ancient Ierapytna (SE Crete) by integrated geophysical methods

Rediscovering the small theatre and amphitheatre of ancient Ierapytna (SE Crete) by integrated geophysical methods

Discovery of buried historical structures in the Kaveri–Kollidam interfluve, southern India

Geophysical and Archaeological Characterization of a Modest Roman Villa: Methodological Considerations about Progressive Feedback Analyses in Sites with Low Geophysical Contrast

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