“…Meanwhile, in Table 1 , it can be seen the detail of the countries and the companies that have carried out ORC projects with sources of solar energy varying total capacity of the heat source. Based on data from the literature available, ORC companies that use solar as a heat source are measly compared to other heat sources such as geothermal, biomass, WHR, sewage gas, and wastewater treatment ( Anastasovski et al., 2020 ). Figure 2 The number of solar-ORC project installed unit annually.…”
“…Meanwhile, in Table 1 , it can be seen the detail of the countries and the companies that have carried out ORC projects with sources of solar energy varying total capacity of the heat source. Based on data from the literature available, ORC companies that use solar as a heat source are measly compared to other heat sources such as geothermal, biomass, WHR, sewage gas, and wastewater treatment ( Anastasovski et al., 2020 ). Figure 2 The number of solar-ORC project installed unit annually.…”
“…Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is an efficient and affordable technology for the utilization of low-and-medium temperature heat source from the waste heat and renewable energy [1,2]. Because of its advantages of versatility, high efficiency and simple configuration, ORC is considered a promising technology in many applications, such as geothermal [3], solar [4], biomass [5], internal combustion engines waste heat [6][7][8], and industrial waste heat [9,10].…”
“…More than that, these could also be applied to some renewable energy that has low-grade heat [4]. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) may have the most potential among all the low-grade heat power generation technologies [5,6]. Consequently, many researchers have focused on improving the thermodynamic and economic performance of the ORC [7] in the past decade.…”
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a well-established way to recover energy from a single waste heat source. This paper aims to select the suitable configuration, number of loops, and working fluids for the Multi-Loop ORC (MLORC) by using multi-objective optimization. The thermodynamic and economic performance of MLORC in three various configurations was analyzed. Multi-objective optimizations of the series and parallel MLORC using different working fluid groups were conducted to find the optimal configuration, number of loops, and working fluid combination. The analysis results show that the series–parallel MLORC performed the worst among the three configurations. The optimization results reveal that series MLORC has a higher exergy efficiency than the parallel MLORC. The exergy efficiency of the optimal solution in series dual-loop, triple-loop, and quadruple-loop ORC is 9.3%, 7.98%, and 6.23% higher than that of parallel ORC, respectively. Furthermore, dual-loop is the optimal number of cycles for recovering energy from a single heat source, according to the grey relational grade. Finally, the series dual-loop ORC using cyclohexane\cyclohexane was the suitable configuration for utilizing a single waste heat source. The exergy efficiency and levelized cost of electricity of the series dual-loop ORC with the optimal parameters are 62.18% and 0.1509 $/kWh, respectively.
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