Presently, many equivalent circuit models have been developed and proposed to describe the photovoltaic (PV) cell's characteristics, and the most commonly used are single and double diode models. In a single diode model, a complete characteristic of a PV cell's can be described by five model parameters i.e.: light generated current, leakage or reverse saturation current, diode quality factor, series resistance and shunt resistance. Light generated current and reverse saturation current can be said as external influences meanwhile the others are internal influences. Accuracy of the PV system modelling is depending on the correct calculation of the internal influences. A research preliminary in order to identify internal influences have been performed and will be presented in this paper. As a research subject, polycrystalline silicon (wafer based crystalline silicon technology) and amorphous silicon (thin film technology) modules, as components of grid-connected PV array system at Szent István University (SZIU), were used under Gödöllő climatic conditions. As an initial step, simulation results based on software packages (associated with the PV characteristics) and some calculation methods to identify internal influences are shown here. As a long term outcome of this research, internal parameters of both modules can be predicted, and furthermore PV cell's model for both modules can be developed.
A developing geothermal utilization is one of many Hungarian government efforts to generate electricity and heating applications from renewable energy sector, and to reduce fossil fuels usage due to the impact on the environment. Geothermal utilization for electricity generation has been implemented in Tura region and it is become the first geothermal plant in Hungary that producing electricity around 27 MW. The excess steam from Tura geothermal power-plant still has a potential energy that can converted to electricity and the objection in this study is implemented a heat recovery from excess steam through organic Rankine cycle (ORC) from the point of view energy and exergy analysis using different working fluids. The calculation result shows the Propane is produce the highest energy around 41 kW and the efficiency at 10.3%, while R125 produce the lowest energy around 10.25 kW and the efficiency at 8.17%. Moreover, based on the environmental analysis it is also found that R134a working fluid can be considered as environmentally and sustainability ORC's working fluid, compared to other working fluids, in this study.
ABSTRAKPembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) merupakan salah satu sistem pembangkit non-konvensional yang dapat menggantikan peran pembangkit listrik konvensional. Saat ini Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung (Itenas) sedang mengembangkan instalasi PLTS 1000 Wp jenis grid connected system, menggunakan modul fotovoltaik (FV) tipe monokristalin. Dalam artikel ini, hasil evaluasi berbagai parameter utama modul FV akan dipaparkan dalam rangka mendapatkan kinerja dari PLTS. Pengukuran parameter utama modul FV dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 1.8.2 meliputi radiasi matahari (G) dan temperatur lingkungan (Ta), sebagai parameter masukan serta tegangan (V), arus (I) dan temperatur sel/modul FV (Tc), sebagai parameter keluaran. Pengukuran parameter utama bertujuan untuk memperoleh daya (P), efisiensi (η) serta energi kumulatif (Ek) dari PLTS terpasang. Dari hasil pengujian selama 6 hari, diperoleh daya, efisiensi, dan produksi energi kumulatif rata-rata harian PLTS terpasang adalah 535,99 W/hari, 14,29 % dan 2,64 kWh.Kata kunci: fotovoltaik, monokristalin, daya dan efisiensi rata-rata harian ABSTRACTThe solar power plant (SPP) is one of non convensional power plant, which can be used to substitute the conventional power plant. Presently, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas) has been developed a 1000 Wp grid-connected SPP, using monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, evaluation results of the PV modules parameters will be elaborated to figure out the PV modules characteristics, as a basic to evaluate the SPP performance. The measuring of PV modules have been done using arduino mega 1.8.2 microcontroller. The input parameters of the PV modules are solar radiation (G) and ambient temperature (Ta), meanwhile the output parameters are voltage (V), current (I) and cell/module temperature (Tc). All these parameters are used to estimate the power (P), efficiency (η) and cumulative energy (E). Based on measurements and evaluation during 6 days, it is found that the average of the power and efficiency of the SPP were 535,99 W/day and 14,29 %, respectively, and average yield of energy (daily) was 2,64 kWh .Keywords: photovoltaic, monocrystalline, daily power and efficiency average
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