A Review of Cyber Threats and Defence Approaches in Emergency Management

Loukas, George; Gan, Diane; Vuong, Tuan

doi:10.3390/fi5020205

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Further, false/malicious data can be injected into the network over those fake nodes. Therefore, confidentiality of data circulation needs to be retained in a reasonable degree [103].…”

Section: Cps Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems

2014

KSII TIIS

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The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a term describing a broad range of complex, multidisciplinary , physically-aware next generation engineered system that integrates embedded computing technologies (cyber part) into the physical world. In order to define and understand CPS more precisely, this article presents a detailed survey of the related work, discussing the origin of CPS, the relations to other research fields, prevalent concepts, and practical applications. Further, this article enumerates an extensive set of technical challenges and uses specific applications to elaborate and provide insight into each specific concept. CPS is a very broad research area and therefore has diverse applications spanning different scales. Additionally, the next generation technologies are expected to play an important role on CPS research. All of CPS applications need to be designed considering the cutting-edge technologies, necessary system-level requirements, and overall impact on the real world.

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“…Further, false/malicious data can be injected into the network over those fake nodes. Therefore, confidentiality of data circulation needs to be retained in a reasonable degree [103].…”

Section: Cps Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems

2014

KSII TIIS

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“…The decreasing cost of complex embedded electronics is ensuring that embedded technology is finding its way into all kinds of everyday products helping realizing a vision of CPS with virtually endless benefits [6] [7]. CPS are already widely being used in utility networks, transportation systems, entertainment business and in a number of industries including healthcare, manufacturing, and services [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Computing Techniques for Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems

et al. 2019

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) allow us to manipulate objects in the physical world by providing a communication bridge between computation and actuation elements. In the current scheme of things, this sought-after control is marred by limitations inherent in the underlying communication network(s) as well as by the uncertainty found in the physical world. These limitations hamper fine-grained control of elements that may be separated by large-scale distances. In this regard, soft computing is an emerging paradigm that can help to overcome the vulnerabilities, and unreliability of CPS by using techniques including fuzzy systems, neural network, evolutionary computation, probabilistic reasoning and rough sets. In this paper, we present a comprehensive contemporary review of soft computing techniques for CPS dependability modeling, analysis, and improvement. This paper provides an overview of CPS applications, explores the foundations of dependability engineering, and highlights the potential role of soft computing techniques for CPS dependability with various case studies, while identifying common pitfalls and future directions. In addition, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on the use of various soft computing techniques for making CPS dependable.

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“…Under emergency situations, HMTs are forced to make decisions within tight time schedules often with incomplete information, while the new situational complexity is likely to overload team cognitive resources [25]. In military unmanned systems, a failure to first-respond to the emergency situations can result in catastrophic damages, and there are growing concerns over the potential of cyber threats to impede the timely responses [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operator Suspicion and Human-Machine Team Performance Under Mission Scenarios of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Operation

et al. 2019

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Emergent cyber-attack threats against cyber-physical systems can create potentially catastrophic impacts. The operators must intervene at the right moment when suspected attacks occur, without over-reliance on systems to detect the cyber-attacks. However, military operators are normally trained to trust, rather than suspect systems. We applied suspicion theory to explore how operators detect and respond to cyber-attacks against an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) system in the operational context of a human-machine team (HMT). We investigated the relationships between the operator suspicion and HMT performance by conducting human-in-the-loop experiments on eight mission scenarios with 32 air-force officers. The experiment yielded a significant, negative relationship between operator suspicion and HMT performance (quantified both in terms of the desirability of decision response and the time to respond). Notably, operator suspicion increased with the combined effects of cyber-attacks and a sentinel alert but not with the alert alone. This finding was particularly meaningful for ''false-negative'' scenarios, in which no sentinel alert was sent despite cyber-attacks having occurred. Although the operators did not receive an alert, the operators grew more suspicious, seeking more information; it took longer for the operators to respond, and their decision responses were highly divergent (17.2% came with less-desirable responses, and 21.9% were considered instances of over-reliance). In contrast, in ''false-positive'' scenarios, 95.3% of the operator responses were highly desirable. This experiment has implications for the role of a sentinel alert in engineering trustworthy HMT systems so that the operators can quickly transition through state-suspicion to the most desirable decision. INDEX TERMS Suspicion, trust, human machine team, cyber security, human-in-the-loop simulation, unmanned ground vehicle control.

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A Review of Cyber Threats and Defence Approaches in Emergency Management

Cited by 31 publications

References 86 publications

A Survey on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems

A Survey on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges in Cyber-Physical Systems

Soft Computing Techniques for Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems

Operator Suspicion and Human-Machine Team Performance Under Mission Scenarios of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Operation

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