A review of cell-scale multiphase flow modeling, including water management, in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Andersson, Martin; Beale, Steven; Espinoza, Mayken; Wu, Zan; Lehnert, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.010

Cited by 172 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The tight coupling of both scales is therefore impossible because of computational resources. The GDL/channel interface was already addressed by PEFC modeling reviews focusing on microfluidics [58] and cell-scale modeling [2]. Some kinds of simulation tasks use boundary conditions at the GDL/channel interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GDL was compressed here by 30%. The size of the total area s tot was smaller under compression, i.e., the average value was reduced from 167,000 µm 2 (Table 2) to 150,000 µm 2 for the 70% quantile level. The percentage of s tot related to the total surface of 590,000 µm 2 is shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Impact Of the Compressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One topic that was identified as a critical issue to be investigated was the area between domains of different spatial scales; the interface between the GDL and channels is one of them. Andersson et al [2] investigated multiphase modeling of PEFCs on the cell level. In their review, they highlighted the relevance of the GDL/channel interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Froning

Reimer

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play a significant role in the efficient operation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. They connect the electrodes to the gas channels of the bipolar plate by porous material with a meso-scale geometric structure. The electrodes must be sufficiently supplied by gases from the channels to operate fuel cells efficiently. Furthermore, reaction products must be transported in the other direction. The gas transport is simulated in the through-plane direction of the GDL, and its microstructure created by a stochastic model is equivalent to the structure of real GDL material. Continuum approaches in cell-scale simulations have model parameters for porous regions that can be taken from effective properties calculated from the meso-scale simulation results, as one feature of multi-scale simulations. Another significant issue in multi-scale simulations is the interface between two regions. The focus is on the gas flow at the interface between GDL and the gas channel, which is analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative relationships between functionality and microstructure can be detected. With this approach, virtual GDL materials can possibly be designed with improved transport properties. The evaluation of the surface flow with stochastic methods offers substantiated benefits that are suitable for connecting the meso-scale to larger spatial scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Compressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Froning

Reimer

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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“…Although there are great efforts of researches on Pt-free The degradation of MEAs during dynamic processes is highly impacted by water management. Water management is always deemed to be a significant factor for optimal performance and durability of PEMFC [20][21][22] . It is one of the major technical challenges to achieve proper proton exchange membrane hydration without electrode flooding in PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrode Pt-loading and cathode flow-field plate type on the degradation of PEMFC

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

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“…The mathematical models for PEM fuel cells were developed from being one‐dimensional to being three‐dimensional, from isothermal to non‐isothermal, and from a single‐phase flow to a two‐phase flow. Detailed descriptions of modeling transport phenomena and multiphase flow in PEM fuel cells are reported in the review papers . However, the models are mainly based on an isotropic GDL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of anisotropic gas diffusion layers on transport phenomena in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Yuan

Andersson

et al. 2017

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The gas diffusion layer is an anisotropic porous medium, which provides pathways for the reactant gases and produced water, conducts the electrical current, removes the generated heat, and provides mechanical support. However, the gas diffusion layer is mostly considered as isotropic in numerical simulations. In the present study, a three‐dimensional, two‐phase flow, and non‐isothermal agglomerate model with consideration of anisotropic permeability, mass diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity was developed and employed to investigate effects of anisotropic properties on the transport phenomena in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The temperature of the anisotropic case is less than that of the isotropic case, and the temperature difference increases with increasing current density. Furthermore, the distributions of the oxygen mass fraction, liquid water saturation, water content, and local current density for both cases are also compared and discussed in detail. The cell performance is over‐predicted by the isotropic model, and the current density of the isotropic case is greater than that of the anisotropic case by approximately 10% at an operating cell voltage of 0.3 V. Both the local transport characteristics and overall cell performance are different for the isotropic and anisotropic cases. Accordingly, it is concluded that the anisotropic properties of the gas diffusion layer must be taken into account in the mathematical model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A review of cell-scale multiphase flow modeling, including water management, in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Cited by 172 publications

References 138 publications

Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

Effect of electrode Pt-loading and cathode flow-field plate type on the degradation of PEMFC

Influence of anisotropic gas diffusion layers on transport phenomena in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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