“…1 As a clean energy technology, PEFCs are considered as one of the most promising alternative power sources with a wide variety of applications, such as for residential community, transportation sector, and mobile, portable, and stationary applications, because of its attractive characteristics, including fast start-up ability, low temperature operation, high power density, good system efficiency, and low emissions of pollutants. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Though the fuel cell industry continues to rise, the commercialization of PEFCs is still limited, which is partly due to its stability issue. 8,9 The operating temperature greatly affects the stability and performance of the PEFC system.…”