A review of acrylamide toxicity and its mechanism

Zamani, Ehsan; Shokrzadeh, Mohammad; Fallah, Marjan; Shaki, Fatemeh

doi:10.18869/acadpub.pbr.3.1.1

Cited by 79 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…A crylamide (ACR) is the water-soluble monomer of polyacrylamide which is mainly used in laboratories and various industrial processes such as flocculating agents for waste water treatment, petroleum, paper and cosmetic industry (Zamani et al, 2017). The main exposure route to acrylamide toxicity for humans is industrial occupation and smoking but evidences have revealed that diet may be considered as the another important ACR source for human and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Amyloid β-Peptides To Acrylamide-Induced Toxicity In Rat Brain Tissue

Özer¹,

Türkoğlu²

2019

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Amyloid β-Peptides To Acrylamide-Induced Toxicity In Rat Brain Tissue

Özer¹,

Türkoğlu²

2019

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Free radicals are constantly produced in vivo. For neutralizing of free radicals adverse effects, the body has protective barriers like antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase) and proteins like GSH (Zamani et al, 2017). ACR generates free radicals disrupting the antioxidative state leading to oxidative stress (Abdel-Moneim et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutathione is the principal thiol and redox buffer in mammalian cells (Tong et al, 2004). Recently it was proved that ACR is detoxicated in the body through oxidation then conjugation with GSH so it affect on GSH levels by tow ways through the direct conjugation and indirectly through generation of free radicals that neutralized with GSH all that leading to depletion of GSH (Zamani et al, 2017). GSH react with free radicals in particular H 2 O 2 under the catalytic action of GPx leading to neutralization of free radicals to water and oxidized to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), that must reduced to GSH using the hydrogen from NADPH+H under the effect of GR (Koji and Toshio 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This substance is formed during the preparation of some foods at a high temperature of more than 125 degrees Celsius, by roasting for some types of foods that have a high percentage of carbohydrates such as potato chips, toast, etc. (Zamani et al 2017). It was discovered and classified as pollutants in 2002 by the Swedish National Welfare food Committee (Fang et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vetro study on the toxic effects of acrylamide on blood antioxidants, ameliorative effects of vitamin C

Ghamdi

Alenezi

Algoferi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Acrylamide (ACR) is a naturally occurring, widely used compound, it is generated during cocking carbohydrate rich food at high temperature. Ingestion of large amounts of ACR underlies several health concerns and teratogenicity. Ascorbic acid (vit C) is a strong reducing agent greatly used to clean free radicals. Materials and methods:Blood sample was obtained from 46 years old, healthy nonsmoking man in heparinized tubs. Blood sample was immediately divided into seven parts as triplet for each. The first one was leaved as control, 2nd, 3rd and the 4th were treated with acrylamide in a concentration of 25,50 and 100 mM respectively, the 5th, 6th and the 7th were treated with acrylamide as the mentioned concentrations and vitamin C in a concentration of 100mM.Samples (one mile litter) from each tube were taken after four and 24 hours and were used for preparation of hemolysates, that were kept at -80°C till investigation of the biochemical parameters. Results: The concentrations of Malondialdehyd (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in ACR and/or vit. C treated samples as compared with control. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GR), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) decreased significantly in ACR and/or vit. C treated samples as compared with control. Meanwhile, The concentrations of MDA, NO and H2O2 decreased in samples treated with both ACR and vit. C as compared with that treated with ACR only. The concentration of GSH and activities CAT, SOD, GR, GPx and G6PDH increased significantly in samples treated with both ACR and vit. C as compared with that treated with ACR only.Conclusion: ACR produce it's toxic effect through it's deleterious action on the antioxidant system through induction of pro-oxidants leading to exhausting of antioxidants. Vitamin C has an ameliorative action on the deleterious action exerted by ACR through improving the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant.

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“…Al-Gholam et al reported that the ACR experimental group has been shown to induce apoptosis and oxidation, degeneration of motor neurons, myelin sheath, and neurofilaments [36]. ACR had shown the inhibitory effects on human neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma cellular differentiation leads to disturbances in the nervous system [37,38].…”

Section: Acr and Biochemical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Chronic Exposure of Acrylamide Causes a Neurotoxicity Risk

Maddu

Begum

2018

INNOCS Theranos Pharmco Sci

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The exposure and inhalation of acrylamide (ACR) are not safe to the human health leading to the potential neurotoxicity. ACR is widely used in biochemical techniques and highly occurs in processing foods such as potato chips prepared at high temperatures. ACR is formed from reducing sugars and asparagine through the Maillard reaction. It exerts various harmful and toxic effects such as neurotoxicity both in humans and animal studies. The extensive damage of synaptic proteins, the formation of ACR-DNA adducts, degeneration of motor neurons, neurofilament reduction, are the most common neurological symptoms. The main metabolite of ACR metabolism is glycidamide, and it causes harmful effects as same as ACR. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the neurotoxic effects of ACR on various regions of the brain and its different mechanistic pathways that are involved in ACR neurotoxicity. The consumption of ACR-containing foods and its exposure are reduced by the human, leading to the reduction of toxic effects associated with ACR.

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A review of acrylamide toxicity and its mechanism

Cited by 79 publications

References 42 publications

Contribution of Amyloid β-Peptides To Acrylamide-Induced Toxicity In Rat Brain Tissue

Contribution of Amyloid β-Peptides To Acrylamide-Induced Toxicity In Rat Brain Tissue

In vetro study on the toxic effects of acrylamide on blood antioxidants, ameliorative effects of vitamin C

Review on Chronic Exposure of Acrylamide Causes a Neurotoxicity Risk

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