A Remote Assay for Measuring Canine Platelet Activation and the Inhibitory Effects of Antiplatelet Agents

Dunning, Mark; May, Jane; Adamany, Jessica; Heptinstall, Stan; Fox, Sue

doi:10.1111/jvim.14845

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Although used in multiple human studies, only 1 canine study has described its use 44–48 . This canine study supported the use of Pamfix and found no difference in results for samples stored for up to 22 days 48 . In this current study, the use of Pamfix resulted in no complications or concerns and did not result in increased platelet activation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The current study utilized a fixative solution (Pamfix) designed specifically to fix P‐selectin on activated platelets, thus allowing for delayed flow cytometry analysis. Although used in multiple human studies, only 1 canine study has described its use 44–48 . This canine study supported the use of Pamfix and found no difference in results for samples stored for up to 22 days 48 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates

Haines

Hwang

Wardrop

2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To determine if platelet additive solutions (PAS) decrease the occurrence and degree of platelet storage lesions, maintain platelet function, and extend storage time in vitro beyond 5 days at 22°C when compared to platelets stored in plasma only. Design Prospective, ex vivo experimental controlled study. Setting Research laboratory in a school of veterinary medicine. Animals Twelve units of canine platelet concentrate prepared from fresh whole blood donations. Interventions Platelet concentrates were aliquoted into 4 units and stored at room temperature (22°C) under constant agitation in either 100% plasma (control) or 35% plasma and 65% of 1 of 3 different PAS (Plasma‐Lyte A, Isoplate, and InterSol) for 7 days. At days 0, 3, 5, and 7, samples were analyzed for presence of swirling, degree of aggregate formation, platelet count, platelet indices, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, Pvo2, and Pvco2 concentrations, aggregation via light aggregometry, and activation percentage based on flow cytometric measurement of surface P‐selectin. Bacterial cultures were performed on days 0, 5, and 7. Measurements and main results Isoplate had a higher incidence of aggregate formation on day 0 (n = 2), and Plasma‐Lyte A had a higher incidence of loss of swirl on day 7 (n = 5). Plasma‐stored samples had significantly higher platelet counts (P < 0.001), pH (P < 0.05), Pvco2 (P < 0.001), and lactate (P < 0.001), and significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) as compared to all PAS. The mean pH remained above 7.2 in PAS and plasma. There was no difference in platelet activation between plasma and PAS. Changes in platelet indices, glucose consumption, and maximum aggregation varied by storage solution. There was no bacterial growth seen in any samples. Conclusions The 3 PAS performed similarly and could all be considered as potential replacements for plasma during the room temperature storage of canine platelet concentrate for up to 7 days.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates

Haines

Hwang

Wardrop

2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…One study assessed whether P-selectin expression could be used to measure platelet function in dogs (44). The relevance is that pets are increasingly given antiplatelet drugs to prevent vascular disease.…”

Section: Veterinary Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of remote platelet function measurement using P-selectin: assessment of aspirin, clopidogrel, and prasugrel and bleeding disorders

2018

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Vascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are associated with increased platelet function whilst the risk of recurrence is reduced by antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel, and prasugrel. However, some patients exhibit high platelet reactivity, especially with clopidogrel. Existing platelet function tests may not be ideal in that they can be expensive, are often time consuming, and measurements must be made near to the patient and within a few hours of blood collection. Platelet activation leads to translocation of P-selectin from alpha-granules to the cell surface. Following activation with arachidonic acid (which is blocked by aspirin) or adenosine diphosphate (inhibited by clopidogrel) and fixation, samples may be stored or posted to a laboratory performing flow cytometric quantification of platelet P-selectin expression. Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are associated with high platelet reactivity on clopidogrel in 6-58% of patients when assessed with P-selectin expression, and high reactivity was associated with an increased risk of recurrence after myocardial infarction. Use of P-selectin expression tests may also be of relevance to surgical and veterinary practice and the diagnosis of mild bleeding disorders. The present review explores this topic in further detail.

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“…• Expensive equipment has previously limited clinical application as a bedside test. However, a recent study has shown that the addition of a fixative to blood samples may stabilise platelet activation markers for up to 9 days, allowing remote analysis at a central laboratory (Dunning et al 2018). General practitioners are able to request test kits from the company "Platelet Solutions".…”

Section: Tests To Assess Platelet Components and Markers Of Platelet mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats – impact and measurement

Gant

McBride

Humm

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Abnormal platelet activity can either lead to bleeding tendencies or inappropriate thrombus formation and can occur secondarily to a wide variety of disease processes, with a range of clinical consequences and severity. This article will discuss the pathophysiology of platelet function abnormalities and consider a logical diagnostic approach applicable to veterinary practice. Recent advances in platelet function testing will then be discussed, with regards to detection of platelet dysfunction and tailoring of pharmacological manipulation. Although many of these tests are still confined to research or academic institutions, techniques for indirectly assessing platelet function are starting to become more widely available. Although we still require further research to develop guidelines for the use of these tests in clinical decision‐making, the recent advances in this field are an exciting step forward in being able to detect and manage platelet dysfunction in both primary care and referral practice.

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A Remote Assay for Measuring Canine Platelet Activation and the Inhibitory Effects of Antiplatelet Agents

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates

The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates

Clinical utility of remote platelet function measurement using P-selectin: assessment of aspirin, clopidogrel, and prasugrel and bleeding disorders

Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats – impact and measurement

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