A red card for women: Female officials ostracized in South Korean football

Kim, Min Chul; Hong, Eunah

doi:10.1080/12259276.2016.1168156

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This finding supports numerous sport officiating researchers who specifically highlighted "mentoring" in their work (e.g., Kim & Hong, 2016;Nordstrom et al, 2016;Schaeperkoetter, 2016;Tingle et al, 2014). Less variance was explained by Remuneration (8.32%), Sense of Community (6.17%), Lack of Stress (4.81%), and Continuing Education (4.18%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…This finding suggests that a key retention factor is to develop procedures for assigning games that are fair and for administrators to consider the individual needs of each official. As numerous studies have identified administrative consideration as an important factor, this finding is not surprising (e.g., Kellett & Warner, 2011;Kim & Hong, 2016;Ridinger, 2015;Warner & Dixon, 2011). Also, Referee Retention Scale 21 according to these findings, understanding the motives that connect referees to their role is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Indeed, important progress has been made through recent research (Forbes & Livingston, 2013: Kim & Hong, 2016Nordstrom et al, 2016;Ridinger, 2015, Schaeperkoetter, 2016Tingle et al, 2014;Warner et al, 2013), but these contributions and advancements fall short if they cannot be utilized by sport managers. This current work provides the practical application of the current body of knowledge regarding refereeing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the current study was to develop a tool to measure factors associated with the retention strategies suggested by the contemporary refereeing research (Cuskelly & Hoye, 2013;Kim, 2016;Kim & Hong, 2016;Phillips & Fairley, 2014;Ridinger, 2015;Schaeperkoetter, 2016;Tingle et al, 2014;Warner et al, 2013). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a psychometrically sound scale to measure factors salient to referee retention.…”

Section: Referee Retention Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing body of literature related to various issues associated with sports officials. Such research includes patterns of initial entry into officiating (Furst, 1989(Furst, , 1991Purdy & Snyder, 1985); understanding stress, burnout, and coping responses of officials (Anshel, Kang, & Jubenville, 2013;Kellett & Shilbury, 2007;Rainey, 1995Rainey & Hardy, 1999;Taylor, Daniel, Leith, & Burke, 1990); referee selfReferee Retention Scale 4 efficacy (Myers, Feltz, Guillen, & Dithurbide, 2012); involvement with officiating (Ridinger, 2015); referee's sense of community (Kellett & Warner, 2011); organizational support (Cuskelly & Hoye, 2013;Kim, 2016); gender equity (Kim & Hong, 2016;Nordstrom, Warner, & Barnes, 2016;Schaeperkoetter, 2016;Tingle, Warner & Sartore-Baldwin, 2014); and attrition of sports officials (Forbes & Livingston, 2013;Warner, Tingle, & Kellett, 2013).…”

Section: Development Of the Referee Retention Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Referee Retention Scale

Ridinger¹,

Kim²,

Warner³

et al. 2017

Journal of Sport Management

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Building on the current sport officiating research, this study puts forth the Referee Retention Scale. Through a three-phase process, the researchers developed a valid and reliable scale to predict sport officials’ job satisfaction and intention to continue. The first phase consisted of instrument development, whereas the second phase included field testing of referees (n = 253). After exploratory factor analysis and Rasch analysis, the resultant refined scale from Phases 1 and 2 was then administered to 979 referees in Phase 3. Phase 3 results using confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the seven-factor, 28-item Referee Retention Scale was a valid and reliable tool for measuring and predicting referee retention. The results highlight the importance of considering a variety of factors associated with the referee experience, which include administrator consideration, intrinsic motives, mentoring, remuneration, sense of community, lack of stress, and continuing education. A discussion on how the Referee Retention Scale can help administrators manage and retain sport officials is included.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%