A reconstruction algorithm for temporally aliased seismic signals recorded by the InSight Mars lander

Sollberger, David; Schmelzbach, Cédric; Андерссон, Фредрик; Robertsson, Johan O. A.; Brinkman, Nienke; Kedar, S.; Banerdt, B.; Clinton, John; Driel, Martin van; Garcia, Raphaël; Giardini, Domenico; Grott, M.; Haag, Thomas; Hudson, T. L.; Lognonné, Philippe; Pierick, Jan ten; Pike, Tom; Spohn, Tilman; Stähler, Simon C.; Zweifel, Peter

doi:10.1002/essoar.10502908.1

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These data were recorded with the high‐resolution acquisition settings on the SP sensor and reconstructed following Sollberger et al. (2021). The time axis in Figure 3a shows time relative to the mole trigger time (corresponding to t = 0) after converting the HP 3 time stamps to SEIS clock time (see Appendix ).…”

Section: Acquisition Of Seis Data During Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We omitted the nominal low‐pass (anti‐aliasing) FIR filter in the acquisition chain when down‐sampling from 500 to 100 Hz sampling frequency, which results in the seismic data being aliased after down‐sampling (see Appendix for a detailed description of the implementation, Sollberger et al., 2021). These aliased data contain energy in the frequency range 0–250 Hz but folded around the nominal Nyquist frequency of 50 Hz.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Seismic Recording Of The Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty‐seven sessions were recorded by SP using the high‐resolution FIR filter setting, out of which 25 were acquired with a sufficient number of strokes (>20) to be reliably de‐aliased following Sollberger et al. (2021) (Table 1). The hammer sessions conducted on sols 118 and 158 were recorded with improper HP 3 mole timing settings that caused a large scatter of the source time, leaving 23 hammer sessions with a total of 2,461 hammer stroke recordings for the analysis reported in this paper.…”

Section: Acquisition Of Seis Data During Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Regolith Seismic Velocity Measurement at the InSight Landing Site on Mars

et al. 2022

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Interior exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport's (InSight) seismometer package Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) was placed on the surface of Mars at about 1.2 m distance from the thermal properties instrument Heat flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) that includes a self‐hammering probe. Recording the hammering noise with SEIS provided a unique opportunity to estimate the seismic wave velocities of the shallow regolith at the landing site. However, the value of studying the seismic signals of the hammering was only realized after critical hardware decisions were already taken. Furthermore, the design and nominal operation of both SEIS and HP3 are nonideal for such high‐resolution seismic measurements. Therefore, a series of adaptations had to be implemented to operate the self‐hammering probe as a controlled seismic source and SEIS as a high‐frequency seismic receiver including the design of a high‐precision timing and an innovative high‐frequency sampling workflow. By interpreting the first‐arriving seismic waves as a P‐wave and identifying first‐arriving S‐waves by polarization analysis, we determined effective P‐ and S‐wave velocities of vP=119−21+45 ${v}_{P}=11{9}_{-21}^{+45}$ m/s and vS=63−7+11 ${v}_{S}=6{3}_{-7}^{+11}$ m/s, respectively, from around 2,000 hammer stroke recordings. These velocities likely represent bulk estimates for the uppermost several 10s of cm of regolith. An analysis of the P‐wave incidence angles provided an independent vP/vS ratio estimate of 1.84−0.35+0.89 $1.8{4}_{-0.35}^{+0.89}$ that compares well with the traveltime based estimate of 1.86−0.25+0.42 $1.8{6}_{-0.25}^{+0.42}$. The low seismic velocities are consistent with those observed for low‐density unconsolidated sands and are in agreement with estimates obtained by other methods.

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Section: Acquisition Of Seis Data During Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of the Seismic Recording Of The Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acquisition Of Seis Data During Hp3 Hammeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Regolith Seismic Velocity Measurement at the InSight Landing Site on Mars

et al. 2022

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“…This made initial experimentation much more difficult Knapmeyer, Fischer, Knollenberg, Seidensticker, Thiel, Arnold, Faber, et al 2018. The Rosetta mission was launched in 2004, the problem was encountered in 2014, but surprisingly, the same problem occurred again during the InSight HP3 seismic experiment, launched in 2018, when the seismometer SEIS was listening for seismic waves produced by the hammer of the HP 3 heat flow probe (Spohn, Hudson, et al 2021;Sollberger, Schmelzbach, Andersson, et al 2020). The lack of a joint time signal between the two instruments HP 3 and SEIS meant that a convoluted process was necessary to infer the exact time of each hammer blow from the seismic signal itself, significantly increasing the uncertainty of the observation.…”

Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismology in the Solar System

Stähler¹,

Knapmeyer²

2022

Preprint

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“…Two methods of collecting data on signals above 50 Hz by changing the anti-alias FIR filter in the data acquisition are described in detail in Sollberger et al (2020). In support of using the HP 3 mole hammering as a seismic input signal, the digital (FIR) filters of the acquisition chain were changed during a few short time intervals to record information above f N yq .…”

Section: Bulletin Of the Seismological Society Of Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonances of the InSight Seismometer on Mars

Hurst

Fayon

Knapmeyer‐Endrun

et al. 2021

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) seismometer was deployed to the surface of Mars in December 2018–February 2019. The specific deployment conditions, which are very different from those of a standard broadband instrument on the Earth, result in resonances caused by different parts of the sensor assembly (SA) that are recorded by the seismometer. Here, we present and characterize the resonances known to be present in the SA and their causes to aid interpretation of the seismic signals observed on Mars. Briefly, there are resonances in the SA at about 2.9, 5.3, 9.5, 12, 14, 23–28, and 51 Hz. We discuss various methods and tests that were used to characterize these resonances, and provide evidence for some of them in data collected on Mars. In addition to their relevance for the high frequency analysis of seismic data from InSight, specifically for phase measurements near the resonant frequencies, the tests and observations described here are also of potential use in the further development of planetary seismometers, for example, for Mars, the Moon, or Europa.

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A reconstruction algorithm for temporally aliased seismic signals recorded by the InSight Mars lander

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

In Situ Regolith Seismic Velocity Measurement at the InSight Landing Site on Mars

In Situ Regolith Seismic Velocity Measurement at the InSight Landing Site on Mars

Seismology in the Solar System

Resonances of the InSight Seismometer on Mars

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