A rapid evidence assessment exploring whether antimicrobial resistance complicates non-infectious health conditions and healthcare services, 2010–20

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest public health threats at this time. While there is a good understanding of the impacts of AMR on infectious diseases, an area of less focus is the effects AMR may be having on non-communicable health conditions (such as cancer) and healthcare services (such as surgery). Therefore, this study aimed to explore what impact AMR is currently having on non-communicable health conditions, or areas of health services, where AMR could be a complicating factor impacting on the ability to treat the condition and/or health outcomes. To do this, a rapid evidence assessment of the literature was conducted, involving a systematic approach to searching and reviewing the evidence. In total, 101 studies were reviewed covering surgery, organ transplants, cancer, ICUs, diabetes, paediatric patients, immunodeficiency conditions, liver and kidney disease, and physical trauma. The results showed limited research in this area and studies often use a selective population, making the results difficult to generalize. However, the evidence showed that for all health conditions and healthcare service areas reviewed, at least one study demonstrated a higher risk of death for patients with resistant infections, compared with no or drug-susceptible infections. Poor health outcomes were also associated with resistant infections in some instances, such as severe sepsis and failure of treatments, as well as a greater need for invasive medical support. While there are gaps in the evidence base requiring further research, efforts are also needed within policy and practice to better understand and overcome these challenges.

Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin

“…This fact results in excessive and sometimes unnecessary use of antibiotics, which increase medical costs, are harmful to host microbiota, and contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria (Lin et al ., 2018; Tosi et al ., 2018; Grondman et al ., 2020). Antibiotic resistance is increasingly leading to treatment failures and worse prognoses in both infectious and non-infectious conditions (Peralta et al ., 2007; Hocking et al ., 2021). This overuse of antibiotics is widespread in farm animals, particularly serious in porcine production and remains a crucial area for improvement (Van Boeckel et al ., 2015; Murphy et al ., 2017).…”

In Silico Docking, Resistance Modulation and Biofilm Gene Expression in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii via Cinnamic and Gallic Acids

“…“The clinical pipeline of new antimicrobials is dry” reported the WHO in November 2021 [ 1 ]. Despite the desperate need for novel antimicrobials in response to the pressing threat of antimicrobial resistance, none of the 43 antimicrobials presently being developed can face resistant bacteria topped by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) [ 2 , 3 ]. Antimicrobial resistance is reflected in longer hospitalization periods, elevated health care financial burdens, more severe complications and higher mortality rates [ 4 , 5 ].…”