A Pulsed-Index Technique for Single-Channel, Low-Power, Dynamic Signaling

Muzaffar, Shahzad; Yoo, Jerald; Shabra, Ayman; Elfadel, Ibrahim M.

doi:10.7873/date.2015.1070

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Pulsed-Index Communication (PIC) is a new approach that is used for communication over a single channel and depends upon the concept of transmitting the indices of ON bits in the form of a sequence of pulses while neglecting the OFF bits. Its name is as such since the index is transmitted as a sequence of pulses In the PIC, information is transferred on only one wire without any extra wires apart from the ground [16]. PIC involves Bit selection, Segmentation, Encoding and Decoding processes.…”

Section: Pulsed Index Communication Protocol (Pic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section offers researchers certain guidelines to choose the necessary communication protocol by offering comparative relations between various communication protocols. Sigfox [21] Frequency Bands NA 24MHz [16] 25MHz [17] 25MHz [19] 2.4 GHz [22] 2.4 GHz [23] 868 MHz -908 MHz [24] 868MHz(EU) 915MHz(USA) 2.4GHz(Global) [24] 868MHz(EU) 902MHz(USA) Network 1-wire Network [8] Ultra-low Power network [16] Ultra-low power network [17] Ultra-low power network [19] WPAN [25] WPAN [25] WPAN [25] WPAN [25] LPWAN [26] Topology Master and Slave [8] Master and Slave [16] Master and Slave [17] Master and Slave [19] Star -Bus [27] Star , Mesh Cluster Mesh Star-Mesh [27] Star Power Low power protocol 26.6µW [16] 25 µW [17] 19 µW [19] 30 mA Low Power…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Protocols and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.5 mA Low power [29] (1-2 years lifetime on batteries) [29] 10 mW to 100 mW Data rate 16Kbps [16] 4.1Mbps [16] 7.33Mbps [17] 12Mbps [19] 1Mbps 250 Kbps 40Kbps [30] 250 Kbps 100 bps-600 bps…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Protocols and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IoT Sensor Applications [16] IoT Sensor Applications [16] IoT Sensor Applications [17] IoT Sensor Applications [19] Wireless headsets, Audio Applications [31] Controlling and Monitoring Home industry [31] Home Monitoring and Controlling [31] Monitor and Control through the internet [31]…”

Section: Common Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Review

Jamuna¹,

Prakash²

2021

Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences

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Wired and Wireless communication technology for IoT devices play an important role in various applications like transportation, healthcare systems, logistics, personal, social gaming robot, smart environment and city information. The design of low power architecture and development of the protocols is a challenging task for wireless and wired communication in IoT devices. Many communication technologies were used to improve the data rate for IoT communication but the error rate was increased, which reduces the reliability of the system. This paper focuses on various communication protocols for IoT devices. In addition, a comparison is done between different IoT communication protocols with respect to different metrics such as frequency bands, networks, topology, power consumption, data rate etc. The goal of this comparison is to present the guidelines for the researchers which help them to select the right protocol for various IoT applications.

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Section: Pulsed Index Communication Protocol (Pic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Different Protocols and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Different Protocols and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Study of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Review

Jamuna¹,

Prakash²

2021

Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences

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“…Pulsed-Index Communication (PIC) [10] is a recent single-channel protocol that does not require any circuitry for clock and data recovery (CDR). The protocol is based on the concept of a pulsed index where instead of transmitting the bits themselves, only the indices of the ON bits in a data word of length B bits are transmitted.…”

Section: Review Of Picmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Decimal Encoding for IoT Single-Channel Dynamic Signaling

Muzaffar

Elfadel

2019

VLSI-SoC: Opportunities and Challenges Beyond the Internet of Things

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Pulsed-Index Communication (PIC) is a recent technique for single-channel communication that is based on the principle of transmitting the indices of only the ON bits as a series of pulse streams. In this paper, a modified version of PIC, called Pulsed Decimal Communication (PDC), is presented that uses the same underlying principle but with key improvements in data rate and reliability. Like PIC, PDC is a protocol for single-channel, high-data rate, low-power dynamic signaling that does not require any clock and data recovery. It consists of a three-step algorithm, comprising a segmentation, an encoding, and a sub-segmentation step to achieve higher data rates. The segmentation step splits the data word into smaller segments and therefore smaller decimal numbers to represent them. The encoding step reduces the number of ON bits in the data and relocates them to lower indices. The sub-segmentation step further splits the segments into smaller sub-segments. The complete process significantly reduces the total number of pulses required for transmitting binary data, thus improving the data rate by about 78% . A theoretical model of the PDC protocol is exploited to estimate its data rate and derive the optimum segmentation. Furthermore, PDC is shown to be more reliable than PIC as it eliminates the variations in the number of symbols to be transmitted. The FPGA and ASIC (65nm technology) implementations of PDC show that the low-power operation and small footprint of PIC are preserved. PDC consumes around 25µW of power at a clock frequency of 25M Hz with a gate count of approximately 2150 gates.

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An Instruction Set Architecture for Secure, Low-Power, Dynamic IoT Communication

Muzaffar

Elfadel

2019

VLSI-SoC: Design and Engineering of Electronics Systems Based on New Computing Paradigms

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This chapter presents an instruction set architecture (ISA) dedicated to the rapid and efficient implementation of single-channel IoT communication interfaces. The architecture is meant to provide a programming interface for the implementation of signaling protocols based on the recently introduced pulsed-index schemes. In addition to the traditional aspects of ISA design such as addressing modes, instruction types, instruction formats, registers, interrupts, and external I/O, the ISA includes special-purpose instructions that facilitate bit stream encoding and decoding based on the pulsed-index techniques. Verilog HDL is used to synthesize a fully functional processor based on this ISA and provide both an FPGA implementation and a synthesised ASIC design in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 65nm. The ASIC design confirms the low-power features of this ISA with consumed power around 31µW and energy efficiency of less than 10pJ/bit. Finally, this chapter shows how the basic ISA can be extended to include cryptographic features in support of secure IoT communication.

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A Pulsed-Index Technique for Single-Channel, Low-Power, Dynamic Signaling

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

A Study of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Review

A Study of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Review

Pulsed Decimal Encoding for IoT Single-Channel Dynamic Signaling

An Instruction Set Architecture for Secure, Low-Power, Dynamic IoT Communication

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