A proteção social no Brasil: universalismo e focalização nos governos FHC e Lula

Abstract

This article analyzes the organization of Brazil's social protection system after the Federal Constitution of 1998 (CF 1988). It also demonstrates that 1988 Federal Constitution favored the institutionalization of universalist public policies. This institutionalization took place amidst conflict with the stabilization goals of the Real Plan. The paper argues that such an institutionalization protected public spending in the social area of the macroeconomic management's minimalist project. It also identifies the implementation of social programs targeting the poor during the 1980's decade. Targeting is an innovation directly associated with the adjustment agenda. It reveals that under the FHC and Lula administrations there was an identical adoption of targeted social programs. The targeting of social protection did not possess power of veto over the universalist proposals arising from the democratization in the 1980's. It demonstrates that the Bolsa Família Program (Family Grant Program - PBF), the main mark of the Lula administration, is a large scale adaptation of the targeted programs of direct transfer of income in the FHC administration. The combination of universalism and targeting expanded the scope of social policy. However, the significant growth in social public spending has not been producing broad social results, although the poor in Brazil have benefited from the PBF's targeting.

The path of Brazilian social assistance policy post-1988: the significance of institutions and ideas

“…As other authors already pointed out (ALMEIDA, 2004;COSTA, 2009;DRAIBE, 2003), it is not possible to identify a continuous social and political project between the Cardoso and the Lula administrations. First, because the decisions and actions taken during the Cardoso administration failed to replace the fragmented and uncoordinated way that social assistance had inherited.…”

Nutritional status and food safety of families benefited by the bolsa familia program: integrative review

“…These policies developed until the creation of the Zero Hunger Program in 2001, which marked the beginning of income transfer programs in the country, defined as "direct assistance policies for the needy population. " 18,16 Thus, only as of 2000, direct income transfer programs began to be adopted by the government and the Food Grant Program for the care of pregnant women, low-income nursing mothers and children under six years. In 2001, the fight against hunger returned to focus in Brazilian politics and the Zero Hunger Project was implemented by the government.…”

INSTITUIÇÕES E DESEMPENHO SOCIOECONÔMICO NA DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA: Preferências Liberalizantes e Preferências Distributivas

“…Nesse sentido, o que se pode afirmar a respeito das preferências distributivas dos governos de FHC é que o conjunto de mudanças institucionais indicou que os resultados distributivos seriam consequências das dinâmicas de mercado, restando ao Estado a função de minimizar os custos gerados em termos de pobreza. Assim, inaugurou-se uma lógica de implementar políticas sociais focalizadas, tímidas no enfrentamento dos problemas sociais e sem magnitude suficiente para alterar os rumos do crescimento econômico e do desenvolvimento social (Cohn, 1999;Costa, 2009).…”