A Prospective Study of Treatment of Accommodative Insufficiency

Russell, Gregg E; Wick, Bruce

doi:10.1097/00006324-199302000-00009

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…If a plus powered spectacle correction for reading is suggested, it is important to rule out the presence of any convergence insufficiency. 26 Many authorities advise prescribing basein prism for patients who show convergence insufficiency in addition to their accommodative insufficiency. We could not find any convergence insufficiency before treatment and suppose that the slightly improved near point of convergence is a result of the improved near point of accommodation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of accommodative insufficiency on reading

Abdi

Brautaset

Rydberg

et al. 2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background:It is not known how accommodative insufficiency influences reading performance. Methods: Reading eye movements were recorded before and after treatment for accommodative insufficiency in 12 school children (eight to 16 years). During the eight-week treatment period all subjects wore a +1.00 D addition when reading. Results: Large variations in reading patterns were found. Despite successful accommodative treatment (p < 0.001), no correlation was found to suggest improved reading velocity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of accommodative insufficiency on reading

Abdi

Brautaset

Rydberg

et al. 2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Traditionally, their importance has been less than other binocular tests, and some authors have not included them when assessing the diagnosis of general binocular anomalies. [2][3][4][5][6] Depending on the authors, [7][8][9][10][11] the anomalous values of relative accommodations can be associated with particular dysfunctions. Thus, a low value of NRA may be encountered in convergence insufficiency and with accommodative excess, whereas a reduced PRA is associated with accommodative insufficiency and with convergence excess.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the interactions between accommodation and vergence, the values of fusional vergences and relative accommodations are so related that one would think that it is not necessary to study them together in a visual analysis. In fact, some authors [2][3][4][5][6] do not use relative accommodations for diagnosing general binocular disorders, more because of a question of duplicity than for not being a valid test. However, other authors use relative accommodations as a reference in the diagnosis of accommodative and vergence dysfunctions [7][8][9][10][11] or as tests associated with the visual function.…”

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Evaluating Relative Accommodations in General Binocular Dysfunctions

García

Cacho

Lara

2002

Optometry and Vision Science

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Key Words: negative relative accommodation, positive relative accommodation, general binocular dysfunctions C linical evaluation of accommodative and vergence system is an essential part of the study of visual function. The diagnosis of general binocular disorders is performed by means of analysis of accommodative and binocular tests. Some of these tests can be cataloged specifically as accommodative or binocular, basically being assessed in open-loop conditions for the vergence system. This is the case for the cover test, monocular accommodative amplitude, or monocular accommodative facility. However, the remaining tests offer results that are notably influenced by the interactions between accommodation and vergence. As an example, we have the monocular estimate method of dynamic retinoscopy (MEM method), fusional vergences, or relative accommodation.Special attention is given to fusional vergences and relative accommodations. They evaluate the amount of vergence and accommodation that varies while the stimulus that generates the response in the other system remains constant. Any alteration in the accommodative or vergence system could influence the other system and result in abnormal values of these tests.Traditionally, fusional vergence results have been considered more important than the findings of relative accommodation. Thus, Saladin 1 suggests that if the accommodative amplitude, the values of accommodative facility, and those of fusional vergences at far and near distance are known, relative accommodations do not offer new information. Due to the interactions between accommodation and vergence, the values of fusional vergences and relative accommodations are so related that one would think that it is not necessary to study them together in a visual analysis. In fact, some authors 2-6 do not use relative accommodations for diagnosing general binocular disorders, more because of a question of duplicity than for not being a valid test. However, other authors use relative accommodations as a reference in the diagnosis of accommodative and vergence dysfunctions 7-11 or as tests associated with the visual function. 12 In most of the previous cases, positive relative accommodation (PRA) and negative relative accommodation (NRA) are used as complementary diagnostic tests of some disorders. Hokoda 7 used a low PRA (Յ1.25 D) as one of two supplementary signs that needed to be present in accommodative insufficiency. Scheiman et al. 8 also used PRA for diagnosing accommodative dysfunction and considered that a low value of NRA (Ͻ1.50 D) was related to convergence insufficiency.Porcar and Martínez-Palomera 9 considered a low NRA (Յ1.50 D) and PRA (Յ1.25 D) associated with accommodative infacility, and they also used this low value of PRA for diagnosing accommodative insufficiency. Finally, García et al. 10 and Lara et al. 11 used 1040-5488/02/7912-0779/0 VOL. 79, NO. 12, PP. 779-787

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“…초기의 vision therapy 효과에 대한 연구는 임상기록에만 의존하거나, [3] 실험군에 대한 대조군이 없고, [4] 눈 이상에 대한 기준 및 치료성공에 대한 기준이 명확하지 않는 등 의 문제점이 있었다. [5] 그러나 최근의 vision therapy 효과 에 대한 연구에서는 실험군과 대조군을 둔 실험계획에 의 한 연구가 지속적으로 보고되고 있다.…”

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“…[4,5,9,11,33] 특히 vision therapy가 대뇌, 소뇌, 전 두엽, 전두엽 피질의 활성화와 매우 유의한 관련이 있어서, [27] 전두엽과 관련이 있는 ADHD의 증상 개선에 영향을 미치 는 것으로 알려져 있다. Table 7).…”

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