Abstract:SUMMARY:The American Journal of Neuroradiology has played a seminal role in the history of vertebral augmentation (VA). Because VA is increasingly being included in the multidisciplinary management of malignant vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), combined therapeutic approaches that include strategies to treat metastatic disease along with the fracture have become appealing options for patients. To that end, we recently investigated the dosimetric feasibility of treating malignant VCFs with radionuclide th… Show more
“…The internal radioisotope therapy (RIT), as a major therapeutic method, is widely used in clinic to treat certain types of cancers though directly delivering therapeutic radionuclides into tumors . The success of RIT depends on the optimization of radiation doses to tumors versus normal organs .…”
Although nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been widely explored for tumor-targeted delivery of radioisotope therapy (RIT), the hypoxia zones of tumors on one hand can hardly be reached by nanoparticles with relatively large sizes due to their limited intratumoral diffusion ability, on the other hand often exhibit hypoxia-associated resistance to radiation-induced cell damage. To improve RIT treatment of solid tumors, herein, radionuclide I labeled human serum albumin (HSA)-bound manganese dioxide nanoparticles ( I-HSA-MnO ) are developed as a novel RIT nanomedicine platform that is responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Such I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles with suitable sizes during blood circulation show rather efficient tumor passive uptake owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as little retention in other normal organs to minimize radiotoxicity. The acidic TME can trigger gradual degradation of MnO and thus decomposition of I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles into individual I-HSA with sub-10 nm sizes and greatly improves intratumoral diffusion. Furthermore, oxygen produced by MnO -triggered decomposition of tumor endogenous H O would be helpful to relieve hypoxia-associated RIT resistant for those tumors. As the results, the I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles appear to be a highly effective RIT agent showing great efficacy in tumor treatment upon systemic administration.
“…The internal radioisotope therapy (RIT), as a major therapeutic method, is widely used in clinic to treat certain types of cancers though directly delivering therapeutic radionuclides into tumors . The success of RIT depends on the optimization of radiation doses to tumors versus normal organs .…”
Although nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been widely explored for tumor-targeted delivery of radioisotope therapy (RIT), the hypoxia zones of tumors on one hand can hardly be reached by nanoparticles with relatively large sizes due to their limited intratumoral diffusion ability, on the other hand often exhibit hypoxia-associated resistance to radiation-induced cell damage. To improve RIT treatment of solid tumors, herein, radionuclide I labeled human serum albumin (HSA)-bound manganese dioxide nanoparticles ( I-HSA-MnO ) are developed as a novel RIT nanomedicine platform that is responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Such I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles with suitable sizes during blood circulation show rather efficient tumor passive uptake owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as little retention in other normal organs to minimize radiotoxicity. The acidic TME can trigger gradual degradation of MnO and thus decomposition of I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles into individual I-HSA with sub-10 nm sizes and greatly improves intratumoral diffusion. Furthermore, oxygen produced by MnO -triggered decomposition of tumor endogenous H O would be helpful to relieve hypoxia-associated RIT resistant for those tumors. As the results, the I-HSA-MnO nanoparticles appear to be a highly effective RIT agent showing great efficacy in tumor treatment upon systemic administration.
“…The β- and γ- emitters are widely used, due to their long ranges and manageable energy levels. The α particle, or helium nucleus, is of very high mass and high energy, with very short range and thus it considered as unsuitable for radiation therapy due the extensive damage it causes to tissues [61] . Fig.…”
Section: The Application Of Imaging Modalities In Nanomedicine Fieldmentioning
In the last decade, the use of nanotheranostics as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, especially cancer, is held great attention. Up to date, several approaches have been employed in order to develop smart nanotheranostics, which combine bioactive targeting on specific tissues as well as diagnostic properties. The nanotheranostics can deliver therapeutic agents by concomitantly monitor the therapy response in real-time. Consequently, the possibility of over- or under-dosing is decreased. Various non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to quantitatively monitor the drug delivery processes. Radiolabeling of nanomaterials is widely used as powerful diagnostic approach on nuclear medicine imaging. In fact, various radiolabeled nanomaterials have been designed and developed for imaging tumors and other lesions due to their efficient characteristics. Inorganic nanoparticles as gold, silver, silica based nanomaterials or organic nanoparticles as polymers, carbon based nanomaterials, liposomes have been reported as multifunctional nanotheranostics. In this review, the imaging modalities according to their use in various diseases are summarized, providing special details for radiolabeling. In further, the most current nanotheranostics categorized via the used nanomaterials are also summed up. To conclude, this review can be beneficial for medical and pharmaceutical society as well as material scientists who work in the field of nanotheranostics since they can use this research as guide for producing newer and more efficient nanotheranostics.
“…In Vivo NO-Enhanced Radioisotope Therapy with ZnNO( 32 P) Nanosheets Despite the potential side effects of radioisotopes after systemic administration, local administration of therapeutic radioisotopes has been widely applied in the clinic. 48 However, even with local administration, the possible leakage of free radioisotopes from the tumor diffusing into other normal organs can also cause risks and side effects. Therefore, it is important to track the distribution of radioisotopes after local injection.…”
Biocompatible single-layer nanosheets are constructed by a clinical drug and zinc ions. After chelator-free radiolabeling, radioisotope-induced Cerenkov luminescence could continuously stimulate NO release from nanosheets to modulate the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby improving the efficacy of radioisotope therapy in eliminating local tumors. Further combination of such radioisotope therapy with immune-checkpoint blockade could boost robust anti-tumor immunity to inhibit distant tumors. This study presents a radioisotope-activated 2D nanosystem to enhance combination radioisotope-immunotherapy, particularly promising for tumor metastasis treatment.
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