A Proposal for Simplifying the Method of Evaluation of Uncertainties in Measurement Results

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

Raaen

et al. 2016

In the paper, the fabrication method and characteristics of porous coatings on Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn alloy biomaterial obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) are presented. The PEO process was performed at two voltages of 180 ± 10 and 450 ± 10 V, respectively, during 3 min of treatment in the electrolyte based on orthophosphoric acid with copper II nitrate of initial temperature of 20 ± 2°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 2D roughness measurements were performed on the samples. The study results indicate an enrichment of the porous layer (18 and 21 μm thick, for 180 and 450 V, respectively)

Section: D Roughness Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of porous coatings obtained on Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn alloy biomaterial by plasma electrolytic oxidation: characterisation and modelling

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

Raaen

et al. 2016

“…The tracing, evaluation and single measuring lengths, equal to 4.8, 4.0 and 0.8 mm, respectively, were used. Due to the porous surface, the non-contact methods for surface roughness [57] were not possible to be used, inter alia because of the uncertainties in measurement results [58]. According to the EN ISO 4287:1999 [59] and DIN 4768 [60] standards, the following roughness parameters have been measured: arithmetic mean of the sum of roughness profile values (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz DIN ), ten-point height (Rz ISO ), mean-square deviation of the roughness profile (Rq), total height of the roughness profile (Rt), mean width of the roughness profile elements (RSm), the ratio (l 0 =L/L 0 ) of the developed profile length (L) to the evaluation length (L 0 ) and profile peak density (D).…”

Section: Methods and Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

Advances in Materials Science

Pietrzak

et al. 2017

Self Cite

The SEM and EDS results of porous coatings formed on pure titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (Micro Arc Oxidation) under DC regime of voltage in the electrolytes containing of 500 g zinc nitrate Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O in 1000 mL of concentrated phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 at three voltages, i.e. 450 V, 550 V, 650 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The PEO coatings with pores, which have different shapes and the diameters, consist mainly of phosphorus, titanium and zinc. The maximum of zinc-to-phosphorus (Zn/P) ratio was found for treatment at 650 V and it equals 0.43 (wt%) | 0.20 (at%), while the minimum of that coefficient was recorded for the voltage of 450 V and equaling 0.26 (wt%) | 0.12 (at%). Performed studies have shown a possible way to form the porous coatings enriched with zinc by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in electrolyte containing concentrated phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 with zinc nitrate Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O.

“…The tracing, evaluation, and single measuring lengths were equal to 4.8, 4.0, and 0.8 mm, respectively. Due to the porous surface, non-contact methods for surface roughness [81] were not possible to be used, inter alia, because of the uncertainties in measurement results [82]. According to the EN ISO 4287:1999 [83] and DIN 4768 [84] standards, the following roughness parameters have been measured: arithmetic mean of the sum of roughness profile values (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz DIN ), root mean square deviation of the roughness profile (Rq), total height of the roughness profile (Rt), the ratio of the developed profile length to the evaluation length (L 0 ), and profile peak density (D).…”

Section: D Roughness Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of copper-enriched porous coatings on ternary Ti-Nb-Zr alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

Raaen

et al. 2016

In this paper, a preparation method and characteristics of porous coatings enriched in copper distributed in the whole volume on a ternary Ti-Nb-Zr alloy biomaterial obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an electrolyte containing H 3 PO 4 within Cu(NO 3 ) 2 at potentials of 180 and 450 V are presented. It has been shown that the PEO potential has impact on the thickness of the coatings, i.e., the higher the potential used, the thicker the coating obtained. Using XPS study, it was shown that copper inside the coating appears as Cu + and Cu 2+ ions, while titanium, niobium, and zirconium appear as Ti 4+ , Nb 5+ , and Zr x+ (x ≤ 2), respectively. It was also found that the roughness of PEO coating formed at 450 V is higher than the one obtained at 180 V, and it is well correlated with bigger pores after the PEO treatment. Additionally, in this paper two PEO coating models composed of three sub-layers are presented. The thickness of the outer top porous sub-layer obtained after PEO oxidation at both 180 and 450 V equals to about 2 μm, while the semi-porous as well as transition sub-layers are thicker after PEO processing at 450 V (5 μm) than those obtained at 180 V (4 μm thick). The creation of the top porous and transition compact sub-layer of PEO coating may be explained by switch-on and switch-off of the PEO potential, while the middle and semi-porous sub-layers are most likely formed during the stable voltage conditions of PEO treatment.