“…The parameters of three-dimensional surface roughness for evaluation spatially reflect the overall surface characteristics, which overcome the locality of two-dimensional evaluation. Excessive characteristic parameters, however, are likely to cause an "explosion of parameters", and it is meaningless, so several representative parameters, according to the structural characteristics of the microgroove surface, ISO-25178 standard, are selected to characterize the microgroove surface [33][34][35], as shown in Table 4, where Sa, Sq, Ssk, Sku, and Sz are amplitude parameters; Sdq and Sdr are hybrid parameters. We used LMS700 to derive three-dimensional data of the actual microgroove surfaces and calculated the three-dimensional surface roughness on the basis of the reference plane extracted by BEMD.…”