A probiotic Enterobacter sp. provides significant protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after injection by two different routes

LaPatra, Scott E.; Fehringer, Tyson R.; Cain, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.06.022

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In aquaculture, the pathogenicity of Enterobacter has been reported relatively infrequently. Some researchers have reported that Enterobacter species have the ability to inhibit the growth of fish, shrimp and human pathogens and that they are potentially probiotic (Burbank, Shah, Lapatra, Fornshell, & Cain, ; Lapatra, Fehringer, & Cain, ). In this study, the relative abundance of Enterobacter increased with the development of M. rosenbergii zoea larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the microbial community associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii zoeae varies throughout larval development

Wang

Yin

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important freshwater prawn. The cultivation of zoea larvae is crucial for the success of the M. rosenbergii industry. In this study, we surveyed the microbial community diversity and structure associated with M. rosenbergii zoeae at different stages of larval development. Samples of zoea larvae from different developmental stages were collected and subjected to high‐throughput DNA sequencing. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in all six sample groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus decreased, and that of Enterobacter increased with the growth of the zoeae. This may have been related to the intestinal development of the zoea larvae. The microbial diversity of M. rosenbergii zoea larvae decreased significantly with development. The beta diversity analysis showed that the closer the developmental stage of M. rosenbergii, the more similar the structure of the associated bacterial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of the microbial community associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii zoeae varies throughout larval development

Wang

Yin

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…() formalized the probiotic bacteria by using 2.2 (v/v) formalin for 48 h. Probiotic bacteria were also inactivated by adding formalin to a final concentration of 1.0% (v/v) and incubating overnight on a stir plate at 15°C (LaPatra et al . ) and for 24 h at 4°C (Kamilya et al . ).…”

Section: Inactivation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraprobiotics: an aquaculture perspective

Choudhury

Kamilya

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Probiotics, which are considered as live microbial adjunct conferring health benefits to the host, represent a potentially effective strategy for infectious disease control. Nevertheless, there has been growing concerns about safety, applicability and functionality issues associated with the live probiotic microorganisms. Concurrently, recent observations indicate that even the non-viable counterparts of the probiotic organisms, also known as paraprobiotic, can be used to harness similar beneficial effects. Considering the limitations of probiotic application, paraprobiotics constitute a potential alternative strategy for improving health and wellness of fish and shellfish in aquaculture. Eventhough the concept of paraprobiotic is relatively established in higher vertebrate models and related food production sectors, its application in aquaculture is still in its early stage. In light of this, the present review delineates the concept of paraprobiotic, inactivation methods used for its preparation, the role of paraprobiotic in modifying biological responses as well as their potential application in aquaculture.

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“…In this scenario, the entericidin could elicit release of antimicrobial compounds into the mucus or induce production of a cross-reactive IgM that helps to protect against F. psychrophilum in mucus and blood (48). LaPatra et al (39) recently demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of live and formalin-killed Enterobacter C6-6 produced a protective immune response against challenge with F. psychrophilum CSF 259-93, while treatment with culture supernatant failed to induce a significant increase in the titer of antibodies against F. psychrophilum.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entericidin Is Required for a Probiotic Treatment (Enterobacter sp. Strain C6-6) To Protect Trout from Cold-Water Disease Challenge

Schubiger

Orfe

Sudheesh

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial cold-water disease in multiple fish species, including salmonids. An autochthonous Enterobacter strain (C6-6) inhibits the in vitro growth of F. psychrophilum, and when ingested as a putative probiotic, it provides protection against injection challenge with F. psychrophilum in rainbow trout. In this study, low-molecular-mass (<3 kDa) fractions from both Enterobacter C6-6 and Escherichia coli K-12 culture supernatants inhibited the growth of F. psychrophilum. The <3-kDa fraction from Enterobacter C6-6 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and subsequent tandem mass spectroscopy identified EcnB, which is a small membrane lipoprotein that is a putative pore-forming toxin. Agar plate diffusion assays demonstrated that ecnAB knockout strains of both Enterobacter C6-6 and E. coli K-12 no longer inhibited F. psychrophilum (P < 0.001), while ecnAB-complemented knockout strains recovered the inhibitory phenotype (P < 0.001). In fish experiments, the engineered strains (C6-6 ⌬ecnAB and C6-6 ⌬ecnAB) and the wild-type strain (C6-6) were added to the fish diet every day for 38 days. On day 11, the fish were challenged by injection with a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93). Fish that were fed C6-6 had significantly longer survival than fish fed the ecnAB knockout strain (P < 0.0001), while fish fed the complemented knockout strain recovered the probiotic phenotype (P ‫؍‬ 0.61). This entericidin is responsible for the probiotic activity of Enterobacter C6-6, and it may present new opportunities for therapeutic and prophylactic treatments against similarly susceptible pathogens. P robiotics are defined as live or dead microbial feed supplements that provide health benefits to the host animal (1). Probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus (2) have been used successfully in people and terrestrial animals, including poultry (3) and cattle (4), for the past century. Probiotic supplementation has gained attention from the aquaculture industry during the last 2 decades, especially for shrimp production, where antibiotic treatment has been reduced dramatically in favor of supplementing feed with commercially available probiotics composed of Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio alginolyticus (5, 6). In aquaculture, a probiotic is further defined as a live microbial cell that, when administered via the feed or to the rearing water, benefits the host by improving disease resistance, health and growth performance, feed utilization, stress response, and meat quality (7,8). The mechanism of action of probiotics has been defined vaguely as improving the host's "microbial balance" (9) or the balance of the ambient environment, but molecular mechanisms are rarely investigated further, even though a number of applied studies have demonstrated probiotic efficacy against a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens in fish and shellfish (7).In the case of salmonid species, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus ...

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A probiotic Enterobacter sp. provides significant protection against Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after injection by two different routes

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

The composition of the microbial community associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii zoeae varies throughout larval development

The composition of the microbial community associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii zoeae varies throughout larval development

Paraprobiotics: an aquaculture perspective

Entericidin Is Required for a Probiotic Treatment (Enterobacter sp. Strain C6-6) To Protect Trout from Cold-Water Disease Challenge

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