A Probabilistic Bio-Economic Assessment of the Global Consequences of Wheat Leaf Rust

Chai, Yuan; Pardey, Philip G.; Hurley, Terrance M.; Senay, Senait D.; Beddow, Jason M.

doi:10.1094/phyto-02-20-0032-r

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our novel, multi-peril pest approach accounts for the location-to-location and season-to-season variation in pest-related damage to crops. We consider the risk profile faced by farmers worldwide from this portfolio of pests and extend the probabilistic loss methodology-hitherto used on a pest-by-pest basis (e.g., for stem rust, Beddow et al (2015) for stripe rust, and Chai et al (2020) for leaf rust)-to assess the overall losses jointly attributable to the five fungal diseases. We then used the losses to estimate the implied research and development (R&D) investments worldwide that are economically justified to mitigate these losses under both high-and low-loss regimes.…”

Section: Open Access Edited Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-peril pathogen risks to global wheat production: A probabilistic loss and investment assessment

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crop diseases cause significant food and economic losses. We examined the joint, probabilistic, long-term, bio-economic impact of five major fungal pathogens of wheat on global wheat production by combining spatialized estimates of their climate suitability with global wheat production and modeled distributions of potential crop losses. We determined that almost 90% of the global wheat area is at risk from at least one of these fungal diseases, and that the recurring losses attributable to this set of fungal diseases are upwards of 62 million tons of wheat production per year. Our high-loss regime translates to around 8.5% of the world’s wheat production on average—representing calories sufficient to feed up to 173 million people each year. We estimate that a worldwide research expenditure of $350-$974 million (2018 prices) annually on these five fungal diseases of wheat, let alone other pathogens, can be economically justified, equivalent to 2 to 5 times more than the amount we estimate is currently spent on all wheat disease-related public R&D.

show abstract

Section: Open Access Edited Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-peril pathogen risks to global wheat production: A probabilistic loss and investment assessment

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…National and global investment in disease resistance research is small but has a massive return; see for example Chai et al (2020).…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalizing plant health

Oliver

2021

Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are four broad methods to control plant diseases (Agrios, 2005). These are 1. Agronomy-a range of measures to support the healthy growth of a crop.2. Genetics-the breeding and deployment of a crop that is resistant to the pathogen. Fungicides and other external crop protection products (CPPs).4. Biosecurity-efforts to restrict the geographic range of the pathogen such that is does not threaten the crop.There are clear contrasts between the administration and underpinning research for each of these methods. Agronomy is largely the domain of the grower, and the research underpinning the methods is largely paid for by growers and grower levies and carried out by grower groups and local providers. Fungicides and other CPPs are again paid for by the growers, but the research is very largely done by a handful of large international private enterprises, although there are many small companies in the biopesticide market.The management of pesticide resistance is largely a private sector operation, although there is a small investment from public sector sources. Genetics was until 20 years ago very largely in the public sector but has almost entirely reverted to the private sector. A modest investment is made by public sector bodies and charities in upstream research. The fourth method-biosecurity-is exclusively the domain of the public sector. National and state governments seek to keep out pathogens that are not already recognized as being present in their territory. This article examines the qualitative cost-effectiveness of these approaches and describes a strategy that emphasizes pre-emptive breeding for disease resistance and intensive genomic monitoring for pathogen virulence and fungicide resistance to stabilize disease losses at a sustainable level. I refer mostly to broadacre crops and use my experience of Australian and European research, but I hope the conclusions apply also to horticulture and all areas of the globe. | AgronomyThis area covers the plethora of decisions that the farmer/grower/ adviser must make about how their farm is used, not just in one season but over a 5-to 10-year period. Disease control is not only about year-on-year restriction of pathogen damage or even field/ paddock level profitability, but also about yield predictability over several seasons allowing the long-term sustainability of the farming enterprise.

show abstract

“…Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ), is one of the most devastating diseases of crops that poses a major threat to the production of hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), around the world [ 1 , 2 ]. To date, in the effort to fight for wheat stripe rust, several stripe rust resistance genes have been identified and cloned, including Yr5/Yr7 , YrSP , Yr15 , Yr18/Lr34 , Yr36 , Yr46 , YrAS2388 and YrU1 [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A NAC Transcription Factor TuNAC69 Contributes to ANK-NLR-WRKY NLR-Mediated Stripe Rust Resistance in the Diploid Wheat Triticum urartu

Zou

Zeng

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stripe rust is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat. Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain receptors (NLRs) recognize pathogenic effectors and trigger plant immunity. We previously identified a unique NLR protein YrU1 in the diploid wheat Triticum urartu, which contains an N-terminal ANK domain and a C-terminal WRKY domain and confers disease resistance to stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici (Pst). However, how YrU1 functions in disease resistance is not clear. In this study, through the RNA-seq analysis, we found that the expression of a NAC member TuNAC69 was significantly up-regulated after inoculation with Pst in the presence of YrU1. TuNAC69 was mainly localized in the nucleus and showed transcriptional activation in yeast. Knockdown TuNAC69 in diploid wheat Triticum urartu PI428309 that contains YrU1 by virus-induced gene silencing reduced the resistance to stripe rust. In addition, overexpression of TuNAC69 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum. In summary, our study indicates that TuNAC69 participates in the immune response mediated by NLR protein YrU1, and likely plays an important role in disease resistance to other pathogens.

show abstract

A Probabilistic Bio-Economic Assessment of the Global Consequences of Wheat Leaf Rust

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Multi-peril pathogen risks to global wheat production: A probabilistic loss and investment assessment

Multi-peril pathogen risks to global wheat production: A probabilistic loss and investment assessment

Globalizing plant health

A NAC Transcription Factor TuNAC69 Contributes to ANK-NLR-WRKY NLR-Mediated Stripe Rust Resistance in the Diploid Wheat Triticum urartu

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About