A private matter: the implications of privacy regulations for intelligent transportation systems

Data Ownership: A Survey

“…To help capture the big picture of the conducted state-of-the-art, the reviewed papers were summarized in Table 1. 2015 Study [56] 2005 Framework [57] 2015 Overview [58] 2014 Overview [59] 2013 Study [60] 2016 Platform (C) [63] 2015 Platform (C) [64] 2017 Platform (S) [67,68] 2016 Platform (S) [69] 2017 Platform (S) Transportation [90] 2016 Overview [91] 2019 Platform [92] 2018 Architecture [93] 2019 Review [95] 2016 Study [96,97] 2017 Framework [98] 2017 Framework [94] 2018 Architecture (S) [79] 2016 Survey [86] 2008 Overview [89] 2011 Survey [81] 2006 Architecture [82] 2002 Framework [83] 2008 Approach (C) [80] 2017 Study [84] 2005 Overview [88] 2012 System (ITS) [85] 2010 Framework [100] 2016 Initiative (C) [102,103] 2020 Initiative (C) [104] 2020 Initiative (RA) Energy [108] 2017 Survey [110] 2013 Study [107] 2011 Study [111] 2010 Concept (CM) [109] 2013 Study [113] 2010 Method (C) [114] 2010 Architecture (C) [105] 2017 Study…”

“…Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are generating an increasing amount of data that can be exploited in various platforms to facilitate traffic management, pollution control, safe and accurate navigation and other beneficial applications. Nevertheless, the rising amount of data raises also concerns regarding security and privacy [79][80][81][82].…”

“…A common and perceptible concern in the literature is the regulation of privacy protection as well as data sharing in ITSs. Lederman et al [79] imply in their paper that it is not possible to address all ITS technologies and applications in a single privacy protection policy. Alternatively, they propose a concept for understanding privacy concerns.…”

“…The idea is that in regards of privacy protections and data sharing, any ITS technology or application needs to address four dimensions: data collection, potential criminal implications on the collected data, Personally Identifiable Information (PII) within the data; and the possibility of secondary usage of the collected data. According to their work, this dimensions can be assured through two types of solutions: privacy-by-design solutions, which integrates privacy protection measures within data collection systems, and privacy-by-policy solutions, which provide guidelines for data collection and usage [79].…”

Security and Privacy Issues in Intelligent Transportation Systems: Classification and Challenges

“…While the paradigm of privacy by design is not new, it has recently gained increasing attention from researchers and the industry due to the adherence of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to this concept [95]. While some studies (e.g., [96][97] [98]) have applied the principles of privacy by design to the ITS domain, there still remains a wide gap between the state of the art and satisfying the privacy requirements of GDPR in ITS technologies [99]. Promising technical venues to explore in this direction include the recently proposed blockchain-based approaches [100] and homomorphic encryption [80], which can potentially provide a distributed mean for sharing and analyzing data while preserving anonymity and privacy.…”