A preponderantly 4-sulfated, 3-linked galactan from the green alga Codium isthmocladum

Farias, Edson dos Santos; Pomin, Vitor H.; Valente, Ana Paula; Nader, Helena B.; Rocha, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira; Mourāo, Paulo A.S.

doi:10.1093/glycob/cwm139

Cited by 100 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…such as C. yezoense and C. isthmocladum. 11,12) Our study revealed that structural features of FG was closely resembled those of sulfated galactan from C. yezoense. However, 4,6-O-(1Ј-carboxy)-ethylidene cyclic ketal was not present in the case of FG as reported by previous report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Therefore, these signals were suggested to be originated from pyruvate ester and their chemical shifts were consistent with those of literatural data. 11,12) In addition, chemical shifts of residues B, which was assigned to be a non-reducing terminal residue, was solely changed when compared with those of DSPFG ( Table 2). In particular, C-3 and C-4 were shifted downfield which suggests that the pyruvate was substituted at these positions (Fig.…”

Section: Isolation Of Sulfated Galactan From Codium Fragilementioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Sulfated Galactan from Codium fragile and Its Antiviral Effect

Ohta

Lee

Hayashi

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Isolation Of Sulfated Galactan From Codium Fragilementioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Sulfated Galactan from Codium fragile and Its Antiviral Effect

Ohta

Lee

Hayashi

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Also, at the concentration of 0.005 mg/mL the SPSG activity was 3-fold higher than gallic acid. arabinose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and/or glucose (Matsubara et al, 2001) and homopolysaccharides as homogalactan (Farias et al, 2008), varying their composition according to the species. This result is not surprising since some studies have shown that higher plants have a higher phylogenetic relationship with green algae than with other groups of marine algae (Pomin, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activities of the sulfated polysaccharide from the vascular plant Halodule wrightii

Silva¹,

Dantas-Santos²,

Gomes³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Abstract:A sulfated polysaccharide (SPSG) was successfully isolated from seagrass Halodule wrightii Asch., Cymodoceaceae, and its antioxidant and anticoagulant activities were investigated. The data presented here showed that the SPSG is a 11 kDa sulfated heterogalactan with a sulfatation degree of 20.63% and it also contains glucose and xylose. SPSG antioxidant activities were evaluated using several in vitro assays and the anticoagulant activity was evaluated by aPTT and PT tests. These assays suggested that the SPSG possessed remarkable antioxidant properties in different in vitro assays and an outstanding anticoagulant activity 2.5-fold higher than that of heparin Clexane ® in the aPTT test. This data represents the first reported on the sulfated polysaccharide biological activities from seagrass. These results indicate that SPSG can be considered in the future as a drug utilized in treating diseases from these systems.

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“…These peaks resonate at ␦ C 101.2 ppm and ␦ C 175.2 ppm and correspond, respectively, to the groups O-C-O and COOH of the pyruvate. The up-field proton chemical shift of this system (1.48 ppm) (supplemental Table S5) clearly revealed a typical pyruvate involved in a six-membered cyclic ketal including O-4 and O-6 of a non-reducing terminal, potentially ␣-galactose instead of a five-membered cyclic ketal (47,48). units except for the substitution of GlcNAc to glucose in DaSP; however, the sequence and proportion of these units in the polymers and their sulfation patterns greatly differ.…”

Section: Dasp Is a Highly Branched Sulfated Polysaccharide With Amentioning

confidence: 92%

Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions Mediated by Sulfate Esters and Calcium Provide the Cell Adhesion Required for the Emergence of Early Metazoans

Vilanova

Santos

Aquino

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Early metazoans had to evolve the first cell adhesion mechanism addressed to maintain a distinctive multicellular morphology. As the oldest extant animals, sponges are good candidates for possessing remnants of the molecules responsible for this crucial evolutionary innovation. Cell adhesion in sponges is mediated by the calcium-dependent multivalent self-interactions of sulfated polysaccharides components of extracellular membrane-bound proteoglycans, namely aggregation factors. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that the aggregation factor of the sponge Desmapsamma anchorata has a circular supramolecular structure and that it thus belongs to the spongican family. Its sulfated polysaccharide units, which were characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, consist preponderantly of a central backbone composed of 3-␣-Glc1 units partially sulfated at 2-and 4-positions and branches of Pyr(4,6)␣-Gal133-␣-Fuc2(SO 3 )133-␣-Glc4(SO 3 )133-␣-Glc34-linked to the central ␣-Glc units. Single-molecule force measurements of self-binding forces of this sulfated polysaccharide and their chemically desulfated and carboxyl-reduced derivatives revealed that the sulfate epitopes and extracellular calcium are essential for providing the strength and stability necessary to sustain cell adhesion in sponges. We further discuss these findings within the framework of the role of molecular structures in the early evolution of metazoans.Molecular clock estimates, paleobiogeochemical evidence, and the most widely accepted phylogenetic inferences place sponges (phylum Porifera) at the root of the metazoan tree as the oldest extant multicellular animals (1-4). Such ancestry makes modern sponges suitable organisms for studying the cellular and molecular aspects of the evolution of multicellularity (5). A pivotal feature of metazoans is their cell adhesion molecular machinery, which directs the formation and maintenance of a distinctive multicellular morphology (6). In most animals, protein interactions, such as those in the cell junctions of epithelia, mediate cell adhesion (7); however, sponge multicellularity is sustained by a characteristic cell adhesion and recognition mechanism based on specific carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions (8).Carbohydrates have vast structural plasticity, ubiquitous distribution in vertebrate and invertebrate tissues, and are commonly associated with the cell surface (9). Carbohydrate selfadhesion is maintained by relatively weak forces that can increase in orders of magnitude upon the multimerization of individual epitopes into polysaccharides (10). Some examples of specific carbohydrate self-interactions include the multivalent binding of Lewis x epitopes involved in the first steps of embryogenesis (11), glycolipid-glycolipid interactions controlling cell adhesion, spreading, and motility (12), and self-interactions of sulfated polysaccharides leading to species-specific cell adhesion in sponges (13).Proteoglycan-like molecules termed aggregation factors (AFs) 4 mediate intercellu...

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A preponderantly 4-sulfated, 3-linked galactan from the green alga Codium isthmocladum

Cited by 100 publications

References 32 publications

Isolation of Sulfated Galactan from Codium fragile and Its Antiviral Effect

Isolation of Sulfated Galactan from Codium fragile and Its Antiviral Effect

Biological activities of the sulfated polysaccharide from the vascular plant Halodule wrightii

Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions Mediated by Sulfate Esters and Calcium Provide the Cell Adhesion Required for the Emergence of Early Metazoans

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