A polyether glycol derived from cashew nutshell as a kinetic inhibitor for methane hydrate formation

Abstract

O polieterglicol derivado do líquido da casca da castanha do caju (CNSL) inibiu a formação de hidrato de metano. O polímero mostrou-se mais eficiente que o copolímero poli(vinilpirrolidona)poli-(N-vinilcaprolactama)(PVP-PVCap) nas condições testadas (CH 4 , 1470 psi e 4 °C), sendo esse último um dos melhores inibidores de hidratos comercialmente disponíveis. The polyether glycol derived from cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) inhibited the formation of methane hydrate. The polymer proved to be more efficient than the polyvinyl pyrrolidonepoly(N-vinyl) caprolactam (PVP-PVCap) co-polymer under tested conditions (CH 4 , 1470 psi and 4 °C), being the latter one of the best commercially available hydrate inhibitors.

Copolymerization of Styrene and Cardanol from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid. Part I – Kinetic Modeling of Bulk Copolymerizations

“…The industrial nut processing generates organic liquid streams that are usually regarded as either by‐products or wastes. CNSL is found in the mesocarp spongy region of the cashew nut as one can see in Figure 1 …”

“…Usual solvent‐extracted CNSL consists of anacardic acid (6‐pentadecenyl salicylic acid) (60–65 wt%), cardol (5‐pentadecenyl resorcinol) (15–20 wt%), cardanol (3‐pentadecenyl phenol) (10 wt%), and minimum amounts of 2‐methyl cardol (2‐methyl 5‐pentadecenyl resorcinol). Technical CNSL is obtained through shell roasting and contains mainly cardanol (60–65 wt%), cardol (15–20 wt%), polymer gums (10 wt%), and traces of 2‐methyl cardol . During heat treatment, anacardic acids are thermally degraded into cardanol, explaining why anacardic acids are not constituents of technical CNSL.…”

“…Technical CNSL is obtained through shell roasting and contains mainly cardanol (60–65 wt%), cardol (15–20 wt%), polymer gums (10 wt%), and traces of 2‐methyl cardol . During heat treatment, anacardic acids are thermally degraded into cardanol, explaining why anacardic acids are not constituents of technical CNSL. Figure 2 illustrates the main compounds of solvent‐extracted CNSL.…”