A polar stratospheric cloud parameterization for the global modeling initiative three‐dimensional model and its response to stratospheric aircraft

Considine, David B.; Douglass, Anne R.; Connell, Peter S.; Kinnison, D. E.; Rotman, D.

doi:10.1029/1999jd900932

Cited by 79 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The converse is true for cold winters. The relationship between dynamical variability and O 3 was demonstrated by Randel et al [2002], who showed the link between changes in stratospheric wave driving (i.e., the Eliassen-Palm flux) and ozone transport to high latitudes in spring, concluding that hemispheric ozone trends were caused in part by the wave driving trends from 1979-2000. Chipperfield and Jones [1999 also observed this relationship and concluded that dynamical variability in the 1990s contributed more to IA variability in March Arctic O 3 than chemical loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Details of the GMI CTM including chemical mechanism can be found in Strahan et al [2007] and Duncan et al [2007]. The stratospheric chemical mechanism [Douglass and Kawa, 1999] and the polar stratospheric cloud parameterization [Considine et al, 2000] used in GMI are the same as those used in the GEOS chemistry climate model (GEOSCCM). The SPARC Chemistry Climate Model validation activity [SPARC, 2010] determined that GEOSCCM produced Antarctic O 3 loss consistent with observations.…”

Section: Mls Observations and The Gmi Ctmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contributions of chemistry and transport to low arctic ozone in March 2011 derived from Aura MLS observations

2013

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Stratospheric and total columns of Arctic O3 (63–90oN) in late March 2011 averaged 320 and 349 DU, respectively, 50–100 DU lower than any of the previous 6 years. We use Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) O3 observations to quantify the roles of chemistry and transport and find there are two major reasons for low O3 in March 2011: heterogeneous chemical loss and a late final warming that delayed the resupply of O3 until April. Daily vortex‐averaged partial columns in the lowermost stratosphere (p > 133 hPa) and middle stratosphere (p < 29 hPa) are largely unaffected by local heterogeneous chemistry, according to model calculations. Very weak transport into the vortex between late January and late March contributes to the observed low ozone. The lower stratospheric (LS) column (133–29 hPa, ~370–550 K) is affected by both heterogeneous chemistry and transport. Because MLS N2O data show strong isolation of the vortex, we estimate the contribution of vertical transport to LS O3 using the descent of vortex N2O profiles. Simulations with the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model (CTM) with and without heterogeneous chemical reactions show 73 DU vortex averaged O3 loss; the loss derived from MLS O3 is 84 ± 12 DU. The GMI simulation reproduces the observed O3 and N2O with little error and demonstrates credible transport and chemistry. Without heterogeneous chemical loss, March 2011 vortex O3 would have been at least 40 DU lower than climatology due to the late final warming that did not resupply O3 until mid‐April.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Mls Observations and The Gmi Ctmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contributions of chemistry and transport to low arctic ozone in March 2011 derived from Aura MLS observations

2013

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“…More information about the GMI 3-D CTM and its chemical mechanism can be found in Strahan et al (2007) and Duncan et al (2007). The stratospheric chemical mechanism is taken from Douglass and Kawa (1999) and the polar stratospheric cloud parameterization is described in Considine et al (2000).…”

Section: Description Of the Gmi 3-d Ctmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle atmospheric changes caused by the January and March 2012 solar proton events

Jackman

Randall²,

Harvey³

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The recent 23-30 January and 7-11 March 2012 solar proton event (SPE) periods were substantial and caused significant impacts on the middle atmosphere. These were the two largest SPE periods of solar cycle 24 so far. The highly energetic solar protons produced considerable ionization of the neutral atmosphere as well as HO x (H, OH, HO 2 ) and NO x (N, NO, NO 2 ). We compute a NO x production of 1.9 and 2.1 Gigamoles due to these SPE periods in January and March 2012, respectively, which places these SPE periods among the 12 largest in the past 50 yr. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of the peroxy radical, HO 2 , show significant enhancements of > 0.9 ppbv in the northern polar mesosphere as a result of these SPE periods. Both MLS measurements and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) two-dimensional (2-D) model predictions indicated middle mesospheric ozone decreases of > 20 % for several days in the northern polar region with maximum depletions > 60 % over 1-2 days as a result of the HO x produced in both the January and March 2012 SPE periods. The SCISAT-1 Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE) and the Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instruments measured NO and NO 2 (∼ NO x ), which indicated enhancements of over 20 ppbv in most of the northern polar mesosphere for several days as a result of these SPE periods. The GSFC 2-D model and the Global Modeling Initiative three-dimensional chemistry and transport model were used to predict the medium-term (∼ months) influence and showed that the polar middle atmospheric ozone was most affected by these solar events in the Southern Hemisphere due to the increased downward motion in the fall and early winter. The downward transport moved the SPE-produced NO y to lower altitudes and led to predicted modest destruction of ozone (5-13 %) in the upper stratosphere days to weeks after the March 2012 event. Polar total ozone reductions were predicted to be a maximum of 1.5 % in 2012 due to these SPEs.

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“…To achieve this goal the GMI is developing and utilizing atmospheric models which facilitate the testing of model sensitivities and uncertainties, and subjecting the models to extensive evaluation against observations of atmospheric composition. The GMI produced a CTM appropriate for stratospheric assessments (Rotman et al, 2001), which was used to evaluate the potential effects of stratospheric aircraft on the global stratosphere ) and on the Antarctic lower stratosphere (Considine et al, 2000). An improved version of this model was used more recently in several sensitivity studies of the stratosphere and stratospheric response to anticipated decreases in stratospheric chlorine loading (Considine et al, 2004a;Douglass et al, 2004;Strahan and Douglass, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model simulations of radon-222 and lead-210 to input meteorological data

2005

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Abstract.We have used the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model to simulate the radionuclides radon-222 and lead-210 using three different sets of input meteorological information: 1. Output from the Goddard Space Flight Center Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GEOS-STRAT assimilation; 2. Output from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies GISS II general circulation model; and 3. Output from the National Center for Atmospheric Research MACCM3 general circulation model. We intercompare these simulations with observations to determine the variability resulting from the different meteorological data used to drive the model, and to assess the agreement of the simulations with observations at the surface and in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. The observational datasets we use are primarily climatologies developed from multiple years of observations. In the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, climatological distributions of lead-210 were constructed from ∼25 years of aircraft and balloon observations compiled into the US Environmental Measurements Laboratory RANDAB database. Taken as a whole, no simulation stands out as superior to the others. However, the simulation driven by the NCAR MACCM3 meteorological data compares better with lead-210 observations in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. Comparisons of simulations made with and without convection show that the role played by convective transport and scavenging in the three simulations differs substantially. These differences may have implications for evaluation of the importance of very short-lived halogen-containing species on stratospheric halogen budgets.

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A polar stratospheric cloud parameterization for the global modeling initiative three‐dimensional model and its response to stratospheric aircraft

Cited by 79 publications

References 46 publications

The contributions of chemistry and transport to low arctic ozone in March 2011 derived from Aura MLS observations

The contributions of chemistry and transport to low arctic ozone in March 2011 derived from Aura MLS observations

Middle atmospheric changes caused by the January and March 2012 solar proton events

Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model simulations of radon-222 and lead-210 to input meteorological data

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