A pilot study: microbiological conditions of the oral cavity in minipigs for peri-implantitis models

Abstract

As peri-implantitis is an emerging problem, the development of validated animal models is mandatory. The aim of this pilot study was to provide a first step in describing the normal oral flora of minipigs. In five minipigs, samples of the oral flora were collected with sterile cotton swabs from the buccal gingiva of the lower jaw. Two swabs per animal were collected, followed by bacterial isolation under both aerobe and anaerobe conditions. Microbiological analyses included biochemical tests, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 61 taxa were detected, 14-21 different bacterial taxa from each minipig. Among the Gram-positive cocci, mainly staphylococcal and streptococcal species were identified. Different Actinomyces species were the most abundant taxa in the group of Gram-positive rods. Among the anaerobic bacteria, the Gram-negative genera Fusobacterium, Bacteroides and Prevotella were the most often observed taxa. This is the first study which begins to describe the normal oral flora in minipigs in cultures to allow for the detection of a broad spectrum. Several bacterial species identified are different from human ones. No specific species for peri-implantitis could be detected in that healthy sample.

Comparison between two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration in the treatment of peri‐implantitis. A histomorphometric study in dogs

“…(green arrows) and some BBM particles in contact with bone (yellow arrows) Table 2. Predictor variables for new bone formation and bone-implant contact (BIC) within new bone following antimicrobial tetracycline HCL (TTC) or photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with or without guided bone regeneration (GBR) (n = 8 animals and 55 implants) have been published (Hickey et al 1991;Singh et al 1993;Hanisch et al 1997;Becker et al 2011), the vast majority of studies thus far have relied on the dog model. The clinical relevance of our findings are twofold: (i) Whereas direct comparison between TTC and aPDT with other protocols was not possible due to the study design, it appears that all these methods provide enough implant surface decontamination to allow resolution of the peri-implantitis defect as long as access to the full extent of the defect is possible and (ii) the use of biomaterials does not seem to enhance bone formation and re-osseointegration, even though from a clinical perspective, biomaterials could serve as a defect fillers, which could have an impact on clinical parameters.…”

Ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis and periodontitis in mice

“…Several groups have investigated PI in animal models such as dogs, nonhuman primates and mini‐pigs (Becker et al., ; Berglundh, Lindhe, Marinello, Ericsson, & Liljenberg, ; Ericsson, Berglundh, Marinello, Liljenberg, & Lindhe, ; Lindhe et al., ; Marinello et al., ; Schou et al., ; Schwarz, Sculean, Engebretson, Becker, & Sager, ; Weber, Fiorellini, Paquette, Howell, & Williams, ; Zechner et al., ). While valuable information has been gained through these animal models, they do not offer the advantages of mice to further investigate disease pathogenesis.…”

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology

“…The clinical cases of mucositis and peri-implantitis in the practice of a dental surgeon, leading to the loss of dental implants, is the motivation for searching for the causes of etiopathogenesis of inflammatory complications [1,2]. Approaches to the study and the development of treatment methods for complications in dental implantology are more often aimed at levelling the clinical symptomatology of inflammation without attempting to study the mechanisms of its occurrence in tissues at the molecular, nanoscale, and microscale levels.…”