A Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Carbon Synergistic Nanolayered Flame Retardant for Polystyrene

Abstract

Polymers are widely used in our daily life; however, most of them are highly flammable. Once modified with flame retardants (FRs), polymers always have deteriorative properties in mechanical strength aspects. As a countermeasure, a novel unified phosphorus and nitrogen-containing organic nano-layered flame retardant (BA-MA) was synthesized by the assembly of biphenyl-4,4′-diphosphonic acid (BA) and melamine (MA), which was used as an additive flame retardant for polystyrene (PS) resin. The chemical structure and morphology of BA-MA were characterized, and a possible growth mechanism of the nanolayered structure was presented in detail. The resulting BA-MA with a thickness of about 60 nm can be uniformly dispersed in the PS resin, thus maintaining the mechanical properties of the material. Remarkably, under only 1 wt% loading of BA-MA, the flammability of PS can be largely reduced with a 68% reduction in the peak heat release rate. Additionally, the smoke release was also significantly inhibited. The research on flame retardant mechanisms shows that BA-MA mainly produces incombustible gas to dilute the concentration of combustibles and promote the formation of aromatic carbon layers to isolate oxygen transmission and heat transfer.

Single-Layer and Double-Layer Filtration Materials Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Co-hexafluoropropylene Nanofibers Coated on Melamine Microfibers

“…In addition, respiratory masks must be sufficiently flame-resistant, – which has become an important issue in oxygen-rich environments such as hospital intensive care units and surgical operating theaters . One promising material is melamine, a nitrogen-based compound with various applications that is also a known fire retardant due to the release of nitrogen gas during combustion . When combined with formaldehyde, it produces a thermoplastic compound that can be formed into a fibrous shape .…”

“…43 One promising material is melamine, a nitrogen-based compound with various applications that is also a known fire retardant due to the release of nitrogen gas during combustion. 44 When combined with formaldehyde, it produces a thermoplastic compound that can be formed into a fibrous shape. 45 As formaldehyde is only used as a precursor in the formation of melamine fibers, it is not present in free form in the final product, which could lead to health risks.…”

Optimization of Polystyrene Biodegradation by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes Using Full Factorial Design

“…PS production reached 10.4 million tons in 2018, and it is estimated that global PS production will reach 10.9 million tons in 2024 [ 7 ]. During the manufacturing process, various additives such as UV stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, and/or lubricants [ 4 , 8 ] are usually added to PS to improve the properties and applicability of the polymer [ 9 ]. Generally, stabilizers and antioxidants are added in an amount range between 0.05 and 3% ( w / w ), depending on the structure of the additive and the polymer.…”