A perspective on morphology controlled synthesis of powder by tuning chemical diffusion and reaction

Han, Yongsheng; Yang, Tao; Chen, Yongxiu

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2019.12.008

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Basically, nuclei are surrounded by the solution that is supplying precursors to deposit on the surfaces of the nuclei forming polyhedral crystals. 60,61 Diffusion-limited growth would in theory follow a ∼t 1/3 growth; our results show a notably lower power exponent; R g of DIO and HI grow as ∼t 0.11 and ∼t 0.13 , respectively. Similar trends have been previously observed by Woehl et al and attributed to hindered diffusion-limited growth 62 due to either multiparticle effects or attached growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In hindered diffusion-limited growth, there is a high number of nuclei and it is highly probable that nuclei grow upon collision and then aggregate, reducing the total surface energy resulting in a concentration gradient around the nuclei reaching a diffusion-limited state. 60 , 61 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible explanation for this might be the uncertainty in the measurement of R g being greater for the DIO and HI samples due to the rapid nucleation, which means there were fewer data points available in the region of interest when fitting in the log–log plot. In hindered diffusion-limited growth, there is a high number of nuclei and it is highly probable that nuclei grow upon collision and then aggregate, reducing the total surface energy resulting in a concentration gradient around the nuclei reaching a diffusion-limited state. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites

Alhazmi

Ebbens

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Understanding the kinetics of the crystallization process for organometal halide perovskite formation is critical in determining the crystalline, nanoscale morphology and therefore the electronic properties of the films produced during thin film formation from solution. In this work, in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and optical microscopy measurements are used to investigate the processes of nucleation and growth of pristine mixed halide perovskite (MAPbI 3– x Cl x ) crystalline films deposited by bar coating at 60 °C, with and without additives in the solution. A small amount of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and hydriodic acid (HI) added to MAPbI 3– x Cl x is shown to increase the numbers of nucleation centers promoting heterogeneous nucleation and accelerate and modify the size of nuclei during nucleation and growth. A generalized formation mechanism is derived from the overlapping parameters obtained from real-time GISAXS and optical microscopy, which revealed that during nucleation, perovskite precursors cluster before becoming the nuclei that function as elemental units for subsequent formation of perovskite crystals. Additive-free MAPbI 3– x Cl x follows reaction-controlled growth, in contrast with when DIO and HI are present, and it is highly possible that the growth then follows a hindered diffusion-controlled mechanism. These results provide important details of the crystallization mechanisms occurring and will help to develop greater control over perovskite films produced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites

Alhazmi

Ebbens

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Generally, controlling the shape and dimensions of 3D structures is not easy; 51 hence, several strategies including templating, using additives/surfactants, and controlling kinetic parameters have been developed to assist the formation of desired shapes and morphologies. 52 However, the microflowers in this study were successfully synthesized without the use of additives/or and templates. Then, the synthesized microflowers were thoroughly characterized using state-of-the-art physicochemical and electrochemical characterization techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Tunable Vanadium Oxide Microflowers as High-Capacity Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

Kidanu

Lim

Nguyen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are attractive energy storage devices for grid-scale energy storage applications because of their safety, environmental compatibility, and affordability. In this study, tunable three-dimensional (3D) vanadium oxide microflowers were prepared using a simple hydrothermal reaction method followed by heat treatment in an argon or oxygen atmosphere. The 3D VO 2 and V 2 O 5 microflowers were obtained in the argon and oxygen states, respectively, after heat pretreatment. The activated 3D VO 2 microflowers exhibited an initial reversible capacity of 438 mA h g −1 and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 89% at a cycling rate of 0.1 A g −1 , which retained 317 mA h g −1 with a CE of 99.99% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . The 3D VO 2 microflowers retained a discharge capacity of 168 mA h g −1 even after 5000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . These remarkable properties could be ascribed to the synergistic effects of the (i) large surface area of the microflowers, (ii) facilitated electron transfer owing to the carbon coating, and (iii) initial activation of the active materials during cycling and the expanded interplanar distance of the active materials. Therefore, the outstanding performance of the microflowers in this study provides insights into the development of 3D microstructures as potential cathode materials for ARZIBs.

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“…To circumvent aforesaid issues, an alternative could be represented by the chemical diffusion which is a relatively simply, low-cost and reproducible process. The chemical diffusion is generally involved in the growth of materials to control the shape of particles [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ca-Doped ZnO:Al Thin Films: Synthesis and Characterization

et al. 2021

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We unveiled the effect of doping on the morpho-structural and opto/electrical properties of Ca-doped ZnO:Al thin films obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to reveal the surface morphology, while the composition and crystal structure were investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The correlation between the microstructure and the electrical conductivity identifies an increase in electrical conductivity up to 145 × 10−3 Ω−1·m−1 at 5 wt.% Ca doping level with the decrease in the grain size. Furthermore, the presence of Ca dopant triggers the occurrence of the emission peak at 430 nm and an increase of the green emission peak in PL spectra. Corroborating the electrical measurements with X-ray diffraction and optical measurements, one can infer that the electrical conductivity is dominated by intrinsic defects developed during deposition and by the existence of dopants.

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A perspective on morphology controlled synthesis of powder by tuning chemical diffusion and reaction

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites

Influence of Additives on the In Situ Crystallization Dynamics of Methyl Ammonium Lead Halide Perovskites

Tunable Vanadium Oxide Microflowers as High-Capacity Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

Ca-Doped ZnO:Al Thin Films: Synthesis and Characterization

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