Highly efficient
different coadsorbents using phenanthraquinone
coupled with benzene/naphthalene as the donor (D), benzene acting
as the π-spacer (π), and variation in acceptor (A) like
aromatic/aliphatic OH-, COOH-, triazole-based derivatives were synthesized.
These eight D−π–A-based coabsorbents are effectively
examined for their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The
presence of hetero atoms and a dense conjugated system paved the way
for the hole mobility and the rise of organic photovoltaic properties.
Both the electrochemical and photovoltaic data gradually supported
the studies by using I–/I3
– redox shuttle-based electrolytes. Results from impedance, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, UV, binding energy, and highest occupied
molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band
gap calculations from density functional theory were analyzed to figure
out the mechanistic way of our device. The TiO2 working
electrode with N719 dye and synthesized CA-2 with iodolyte
Z-50 as the electrolyte has the highest power conversion efficiency
of 6.33% under an illumination of 100 mW/cm2.