A ocupação e a atividade humana em terapia ocupacional: revisão de escopo na literatura nacional

Abstract

Introduction: Human occupations and activities are central themes in occupational therapy studies and interventions in Brazil, although there is no consensus on the use of these terms in the country. Objective: This research aimed to analyze part of the national scientific production of occupational therapy about the use of the terms of occupation and activity. Method: A scoping review of the literature was carried out between 1980 and 2017, using SciELO.br and the Brazilian journals of occupational therapy, using the keyword 'occupational therapy' associated with the words 'activity', 'occupation', and 'occupational performance'. The sample consisted of 155 articles, the first one being published in 2002. Results: The publications relate to eight fields or areas of occupational therapy and cover 95 different topics. The term "activity" was used in 128 articles, in 22 "occupation and activity" and only 5 used "occupation". The term "activity" was defined as an instrument of the profession or related to the action of the subjects. The term "occupation" was defined as fundamental for the organization of human life considering that the activities are part of human occupations. Regarding the theoretical perspectives, the studies that used the "activity" present several theories or theoretical and methodological constructions. Those who have adopted "occupation" and "activity and occupation" refer to specific theoretical models. Conclusion: With this review, we verified that the terms present theoretical meanings and perspectives that accompany the plurality intrinsic to the profession and are based on historical partner constructions.

Occupational repertoire in the national literature

“…Regarding the small number of publications found that contained the term "occupational repertoire" in the text, it is inferred that this would be linked to the very history of Brazilian occupational therapy in the use/disuse of some concepts and constructs. Figueiredo et al (2020) indicate that occupation and human activity are still being debated and are adopted according to the diversity and specificity of the areas and fields in which Brazilian occupational therapy performs its actions (Figueiredo et al, 2020). Salles & Matsukura (2016) e Magalhães (2013) also present subsidies to understand the diverse use of the concepts of occupation and activity throughout the history of occupational therapy in Brazil (Salles & Matsukura, 2016).…”

“…Thus, the definition of "occupational repertoire" used in the publications is linked to the consideration of human occupation as an object of study and intervention of occupational therapy, based on reference authors in the international context. In this direction, Figueiredo et al (2020), Poellnitz et al (2020) and Salles & Matsukura (2016) found that in the last two decades, "occupation" was more present in publications, which is a result of the national production of knowledge in graduate programs in the area in dialogue with knowledge and discourses produced internationally.…”

“…Thus, several concepts and constructs have been investigated and discussed by occupational therapists in the Brazilian academic environment, seeking to define terminologies, conceptualize theory, reduce possible conceptual confusion, and favor the consolidation of internal identity and external recognition of the profession. Some of these concepts and constructs are central as a professional field and knowledge as an occupation, and human activities (Poellnitz et al, 2020;Figueiredo et al, 2020;Salles & Matsukura, 2016;Lima et al, 2013;Benetton, 2008) and everyday life (Salles & Matsukura, 2013;Galheigo, 2003;Benetton et al, 2003).…”

Carga mental en profesores y consecuencias en su salud: una revisión integrativa

“…Um movimento de polarização envolveu a profissão, sendo, de um lado, terapeutas ocupacionais que investiam nos modelos ou abordagens internacionais focados na ocupação e, de outro, aqueles que se propunham a pensar a terapia ocupacional a partir de referenciais da filosofia, educação, sociologia e antropologia, adotando o termo atividade, que evoluiu para atividade terapêutica e, posteriormente, atividade humana (Figueiredo et al, 2020;Cruz, 2018;Galheigo et al, 2018).…”

O protagonismo na infância: participação no cotidiano de crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento

“…É comum observar que o choro é um fator reconhecido como comunicador, que pode levar a suposições de possíveis desconfortos na primeira infância, com alternativas geralmente relacionadas a sono, fome e banho. No entanto, as crianças desde bebê possuem diferentes ocupações que dão significado à vida e que se relacionam a um repertório de atividades no cotidiano 6 . No campo da terapia ocupacional, entende-se atividades como veículos que "possibilitam ao sujeito reconhecer-se e ser reconhecido pelos outros" 7 .…”