Abstract:ABSTRACT. A few insect control genes of Bacillus thuringiensis have been modified successfully to increase the expression in plants by replacing rare codons, increasing GC content, and avoiding the DNA elements that could cause premature transcription termination, mRNA instability, and potential methylation. However, the modification process was intricate and often confused researchers. In this study, we adopted a simple method to modify Cry1Ab only by individually replacing its amino acid sequence with corres… Show more
“…The spatial and temporal expression pattern and activity of the corresponding promoters were then qualitatively and quantitatively analysed in transgenic rice plants using a modified ß‐glucuronidase gene ( GUSplus ) reporter. We also used two promoters to express a Bt gene, mCry1Ab , which was codon‐optimized for rice (Song et al ., ), and observed no Bt expression in rice endosperm. Therefore, these five promoters provide novel, alternative tissue‐specific promoter resources for rice biotechnology and multigene transformation of crops.…”
SummaryUsing promoters expressed in nonendosperm tissues to activate target genes in specific plant tissues or organs with very limited expression in the endosperm is an attractive approach in crop transgenic engineering. In this article, five putative nonendosperm tissue‐expressed promoters were cloned from the rice genome and designated PO
s
NETE
1, PO
s
NETE
2, PO
s
NETE
3, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5. By qualitatively and quantitatively examining GUSplus reporter gene expression in transgenic rice plants, PO
s
NETE
1‐PO
s
NETE
5 were all found to be active in the roots, leaves, stems, sheaths and panicles but not in the endosperm of plants at different developmental stages. In addition, PO
s
NETE
2, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 were also inactive in rice embryos. Among these promoters, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 exhibited higher activities in all of the tested tissues, and their activities in stems, leaves, roots and sheaths were higher than or comparable to those of the rice Actin1 promoter. We also progressively monitored the activities of PO
s
NETE
1‐PO
s
NETE
5 in two generations of single‐copy lines and found that these promoters were stably expressed between generations. Transgenic rice was produced using PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 to drive a modified Bt gene, mC
ry1Ab. Bt protein expressed in the tested plants ranged from 1769.4 to 4428.8 ng/g fresh leaves, whereas Bt protein was barely detected in the endosperm. Overall, our study identified five novel nonendosperm tissue‐expressed promoters that might be suitable for rice genetic engineering and might reduce potential social concern regarding the safety of GMO crops.
“…The spatial and temporal expression pattern and activity of the corresponding promoters were then qualitatively and quantitatively analysed in transgenic rice plants using a modified ß‐glucuronidase gene ( GUSplus ) reporter. We also used two promoters to express a Bt gene, mCry1Ab , which was codon‐optimized for rice (Song et al ., ), and observed no Bt expression in rice endosperm. Therefore, these five promoters provide novel, alternative tissue‐specific promoter resources for rice biotechnology and multigene transformation of crops.…”
SummaryUsing promoters expressed in nonendosperm tissues to activate target genes in specific plant tissues or organs with very limited expression in the endosperm is an attractive approach in crop transgenic engineering. In this article, five putative nonendosperm tissue‐expressed promoters were cloned from the rice genome and designated PO
s
NETE
1, PO
s
NETE
2, PO
s
NETE
3, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5. By qualitatively and quantitatively examining GUSplus reporter gene expression in transgenic rice plants, PO
s
NETE
1‐PO
s
NETE
5 were all found to be active in the roots, leaves, stems, sheaths and panicles but not in the endosperm of plants at different developmental stages. In addition, PO
s
NETE
2, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 were also inactive in rice embryos. Among these promoters, PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 exhibited higher activities in all of the tested tissues, and their activities in stems, leaves, roots and sheaths were higher than or comparable to those of the rice Actin1 promoter. We also progressively monitored the activities of PO
s
NETE
1‐PO
s
NETE
5 in two generations of single‐copy lines and found that these promoters were stably expressed between generations. Transgenic rice was produced using PO
s
NETE
4 and PO
s
NETE
5 to drive a modified Bt gene, mC
ry1Ab. Bt protein expressed in the tested plants ranged from 1769.4 to 4428.8 ng/g fresh leaves, whereas Bt protein was barely detected in the endosperm. Overall, our study identified five novel nonendosperm tissue‐expressed promoters that might be suitable for rice genetic engineering and might reduce potential social concern regarding the safety of GMO crops.
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