A Novel Routing Scheme for LEO Satellite Networks Based on Link State Routing

The explosive growth of various services boosts the innovation and development in terrestrial communication systems for the implementation of the next generation mobile communication networks. However, simply utilizing limited resources in terrestrial communication networks is difficult to support the massive quality of service (QoS) aware requirements and it is hard to guarantee seamless coverage in far remote regions. Leveraging the intrinsic merits of high altitude and the ability of multicasting or broadcasting, satellite communication systems provide an opportunity for novel mobile communication networks with its tight interaction and complementary characteristics to traditional terrestrial networks. It is believed that the convergence of satellite and terrestrial networks can solve the problems existing in current mobile communication systems and make a profound effect on global information dissemination. In this paper, we make a comprehensive survey on the convergence of satellite and terrestrial networks. First, motivations and requirements of satellite-terrestrial network convergence are identified. Then, we summarize related architectures of existing literature, classify the taxonomy of researches on satellite-terrestrial networks, and present the performance evaluation works in different satellite-terrestrial networks. After that, the state-ofthe-art of standardization, projects and the key application areas of satellite-terrestrial networks are also reviewed. Finally, we conclude the survey by highlighting the open issues and future directions.

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“…• Uncertainty of the traffic flow and transmission demand of diverse services [143], [148], [154], [157], [161].…”

Section: Taxonomy Of Researches On Convergence Of Satellite-terresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

et al. 2020

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“…In the inter-routing stage, data will be routed among the zones that are based on the shortest path; however, the traffic load among the zones is not considered in the inter-zone routing, which might lead to performance degradation. A Satellite network Link State Routing (SLSR) was proposed to address the high overhead and long delays on satellite networks while using the same MSN model [42]. Routing includes two phases with propagation delay routing tables, based on the satellite dynamics, calculated off-line in the first phase.…”

Section: Single-layer Routing For Satellite Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

DTN and Non-DTN Routing Protocols for Inter-CubeSat Communications: A comprehensive survey

2020

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CubeSats, which are limited by size and mass, have limited functionality. These miniaturised satellites suffer from a low power budget, short radio range, low transmission speeds, and limited data storage capacity. Regardless of these limitations, CubeSats have been deployed to carry out many research missions, such as gravity mapping and the tracking of forest fires. One method of increasing their functionality and reducing their limitations is to form CubeSat networks, or swarms, where many CubeSats work together to carry out a mission. Nevertheless, the network might have intermittent connectivity and, accordingly, data communication becomes challenging in such a disjointed network where there is no contemporaneous path between source and destination due to satellites’ mobility pattern and given the limitations of range. In this survey, various inter-satellite routing protocols that are Delay Tolerant (DTN) and Non Delay Tolerant (Non-DTN) are considered. DTN routing protocols are considered for the scenarios where the network is disjointed with no contemporaneous path between a source and a destination. We qualitatively compare all of the above routing protocols to highlight the positive and negative points under different network constraints. We conclude that the performance of routing protocols used in aerospace communications is highly dependent on the evolving topology of the network over time. Additionally, the Non-DTN routing protocols will work efficiently if the network is dense enough to establish reliable links between CubeSats. Emphasis is also given to network capacity in terms of how buffer, energy, bandwidth, and contact duration influence the performance of DTN routing protocols, where, for example, flooding-based DTN protocols can provide superior performance in terms of maximizing delivery ratio and minimizing a delivery delay. However, such protocols are not suitable for CubeSat networks, as they harvest the limited resources of these tiny satellites and they are contrasted with forwarding-based DTN routing protocols, which are resource-friendly and produce minimum overheads on the cost of degraded delivery probability. From the literature, we found that quota-based DTN routing protocols can provide the necessary balance between delivery delay and overhead costs in many CubeSat missions.

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“…While traditional routing algorithms in satellite networks mainly consider propagation delay, load balancing routing algorithms also take queuing delay and congestion status into consideration when selecting paths for packet transmission. HC Yan et al 12 proposed a LEO satellite network link state routing (SLSR) scheme, which considers using the summation of propagation delay and expected queuing delay as the link cost for load balancing. In SLSR, satellites must first periodically flood the expected queuing delay to gather the global link state.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides rapid traffic adaptability and introduces less overhead but is easily trapped in local optima. However, to the best of our knowledge, most load balancing routing schemes embrace the extremes of the design spectrum: they are based on either a global strategy [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or a local strategy. [20][21][22][23][24][25] As either strategy has certain merits and flaws, none of these schemes offers the ideal performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HGL: A hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for the Internet of Things through satellite networks

Liu

Wang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Satellite networks provide complete connectivity and worldwide data transmission capability for constructing the Internet of Things. However, because of the varying Internet of Things traffic density, satellite networks may endure imbalanced traffic requirements and frequent link congestion. To effectively resolve these problems and optimally transmit Internet of Things data, a novel hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks is proposed in this article. Hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme enables satellites to route Internet of Things traffic through global planning and local real-time adjustments in two steps. In hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme, given the predictive nature of Internet of Things traffic distribution and Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, the inter-satellite traffic demand is decomposed into a predictable long-range baseline and unpredictable shortrange fluctuations. A global strategy is employed first for preliminary global traffic allocation based on long-range baselines, and a local strategy is then employed for route adjustments based on short-range fluctuations. With the combination of global planning and local real-time adjustments, network traffic can eventually obtain a near-optimal allocation. Numerical simulations indicate that in contrast to single-strategy schemes, hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme can more thoroughly eliminate congestion, and it performs better in measures such as packet loss rate, average queuing delay, traffic distribution, route oscillation, and communication overhead.

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A Novel Routing Scheme for LEO Satellite Networks Based on Link State Routing

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Convergence of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Convergence of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

DTN and Non-DTN Routing Protocols for Inter-CubeSat Communications: A comprehensive survey

HGL: A hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for the Internet of Things through satellite networks

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