HGL: A hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for the Internet of Things through satellite networks

Abstract

Satellite networks provide complete connectivity and worldwide data transmission capability for constructing the Internet of Things. However, because of the varying Internet of Things traffic density, satellite networks may endure imbalanced traffic requirements and frequent link congestion. To effectively resolve these problems and optimally transmit Internet of Things data, a novel hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks is proposed in this article. Hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme enables satellites to route Internet of Things traffic through global planning and local real-time adjustments in two steps. In hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme, given the predictive nature of Internet of Things traffic distribution and Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, the inter-satellite traffic demand is decomposed into a predictable long-range baseline and unpredictable shortrange fluctuations. A global strategy is employed first for preliminary global traffic allocation based on long-range baselines, and a local strategy is then employed for route adjustments based on short-range fluctuations. With the combination of global planning and local real-time adjustments, network traffic can eventually obtain a near-optimal allocation. Numerical simulations indicate that in contrast to single-strategy schemes, hybrid global-local load balancing routing scheme can more thoroughly eliminate congestion, and it performs better in measures such as packet loss rate, average queuing delay, traffic distribution, route oscillation, and communication overhead.

Convergence of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

“…• Uncertainty of the traffic flow and transmission demand of diverse services [143], [148], [154], [157], [161].…”

“…There exist routing methods with consideration of global view and local view, routing schemes in [161] use global strategy for a prediction and deal with fluctuations using local strategies, the scheme holds a better performance, they also identify some challenges for implementation like packet reordering and real-world trace mobility.…”

“…Compared with [159]- [161], authors in [162] proposed a QoS guaranteed routes scheme for delay-sensitive flows, it outperforms traditional adaptive designs in terms of capacity and delay.…”

A Routing Model Based on Multiple-User Requirements and the Optimal Solution

“…However, the differences in consumer QoS is not considered in that routing strategy. In reference [27], a traffic load optimization algorithm suitable for a multilayer satellite network was established. For a random traffic flow, the original routing table was adjusted twice; moreover, two optimal thresholds and a transmission droop ratio were established to match the load balancing demand.…”

Study of Data Transfer in a Heterogeneous LoRa-Satellite Network for the Internet of Remote Things

“…Other notable scenarios include the Internet of Underground Things (IoUT) [9], the Internet of Cultural Things (IoCT) [10,11], the Internet of Arctic Things (IoAT) [12,13] and security and military affairs (the Internet of Battle Things, IoBT) [14,15]. In general, the organization of ubiquitous internet access using backhaul space communications is discussed in a wide range of research papers [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31].…”