A novel print-and-release method to prepare microplastics using an office-grade laserjet printer; a low-cost solution for preliminary studies

Bamshad, Arshya; Cho, Hyoung J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112601

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nonetheless, microplastic studies still face challenges because of the limitations of standard microplastic samples. 21,22) In general, lithographic approaches [23][24][25][26][27] can produce micropatterns in polymer resists with various forms and well-defined sizes for application as standard engineered microplastics. However, typical microfabricated structures are tightly attached to the substrate after the fabrication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a print-and-release method using a laser printer has been shown to create engineered polystyrene microplastics. 22) In addition, a photolithography technique has been demonstrated to produce standard samples of microplastics. 28) For both methods, microplastic samples were made on a sacrificial layer (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, PBW can be used to make microplastics with a height over 6 μm and a size (diameter or length) below 100 μm compared with the method employing a sacrificial layer that has a resolution limit of 100 μm. 22) Herein, we report the straightforward manufacture of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) for effective detachment using PBW with a full penetration depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons

Puttaraksa,

Kosumsupamala,

Seki

et al. 2024

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Engineered microplastics are vital mimics of natural microplastics for application in many research areas aimed at solving environmental pollution. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of engineered microplastics using 1 MeV protons with a full penetration depth to effectively detach engineered microplastics from a substrate. The microplastic patterns in this work were made in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) spin-coated on a silicon (Si) substrate by employing a proton beam writing technique at the Shibaura Institute of Technology. It was found that the SU-8 microplastic was efficiently detached from the Si substrate. This fabrication approach also enables the SU-8 microplastic to be stored on the Si substrate before use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons

Puttaraksa,

Kosumsupamala,

Seki

et al. 2024

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…2 These treatments pollute the environment or threaten human health. [3][4][5] For this kind of dangerous waste toner, not only harmless treatment but also resource utilization is a desired goal that people are constantly pursuing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The triple action of sulfuric acid on the preparation of carbon-based solid acid from waste toner and its application

et al. 2023

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“…As the recognition of this lack of RMP particles is not new or unknown 10 , a lot of effort has already been made to produce RMP particles [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Common methods such as cryomilling for the production of MP fragments 11,14,15 or emulsion processes for the production of microbeads have been used for this purpose 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new microplastic reference particles for usage in pre-defined numbers

Oster,

Bräumer,

Wagner

et al. 2023

Preprint

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For almost two decades now, scientists have increasingly focused on the occurrence of microplastics in the environment and their impact on environmental and human health. Currently, the variety of analytical methods used in microplastic research result in data of different quality and resolution. This largely hampers comparability between data sets and consequently prevents a reliable risk assessment. In this context, the lack of suitable reference microplastic particles that can be added as internal standard in an exactly known number further prevents quality assessment of, and harmonization in terms of comparability between different analytical methods. Although this lack has widely been recognized, currently only reference microplastic particles in form of micro-beads or -fragments (powders) are commercially available. Manual addition of such reference microplastic particles to samples in a precisely defined number as an internal standard is inefficient and the alternative use of microplastic particle suspensions does not allow for the addition of an exactly defined particle number. The optimum solution to solve this issue would be reference microplastic particles embedded in an easy-to-use soluble matrix in exact numbers. This would allow for evaluating analytical quality during microplastic analysis as well as establishing harmonization in terms of comparability between different methods. In the present study we focused on the development of such reference microplastic particles. We used CNC milling for the production of small diameter plastic columns followed by gelatine embedment and subsequent cryosectioning. This results in gelatin slices containing an exactly defined number of reference microplastic particles with well-defined size, shape and polymer type / chemical composition that can be added to a sample easily with the dissolution of the gelatine. We successfully produced square shaped reference microplastic particles in a size range of 125–1000 µm of five different polymers. The overall size-deviation of the reference microplastic particles never exceeded ± 11.2% from the mean value of a set of particles. The highest percentage weight-deviation was 25.5% from the mean value of a set of 125 x 125 x 20 µm PS reference microplastic particles. Our approach allows for the production of reference microplastic particles tailored to specific needs of all different analytical methods used in current microplastic research. Beyond analytical method validation, these reference microplastic particles furthermore open possibilities for experiments on microplastics ranging from organismic uptake to environmental distribution.

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A novel print-and-release method to prepare microplastics using an office-grade laserjet printer; a low-cost solution for preliminary studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons

Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons

The triple action of sulfuric acid on the preparation of carbon-based solid acid from waste toner and its application

Development of new microplastic reference particles for usage in pre-defined numbers

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