A novel method for the assessment of the accuracy of computing laminar flow stroke volumes using a real-time 3D ultrasound system: In vitro studies

Abstract

Real-time 3D color Doppler method could provide an efficient, accurate and reliable method for clinical evaluation and quantification of flow volumes in patients.

Quantification of the area and shunt volume of multiple, circular, and noncircular ventricular septal defects: A 2D/3D echocardiography comparison and real time 3D color Doppler feasibility determination study

“…The accuracy of 2D‐CDE is limited by Doppler angle dependency, 2D geometrical assumptions, and high inter‐observer variability . 3D color Doppler echocardiography (3D‐CDE) is without these limitations but is limited by the need for electrocardiogram (ECG) gating, which can allow for artifacts caused by arrhythmias, respiration, and movement …”

“…12,14,15 3D color Doppler echocardiography (3D-CDE) is without these limitations but is limited by the need for electrocardiogram (ECG) gating, which can allow for artifacts caused by arrhythmias, respiration, and movement. 8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Instantaneous acquisition of color Doppler volume without gating is made possible by the use of real time 3D-CDE (RT3D-CDE), which uses a matrix phased array transducer acquiring flow information more directly and rapidly than 3D-CDE. 28 Using nongated echocardiography, artifacts caused by gating do not occur.…”

Future Uses of Three/Four Dimensional Power Doppler Signal in Fetal Medicine

“…First is the integration of Power Doppler signal derived velocities profile, whose most reliable approach is the Surface Integration of Velocity Vectors, (Sun et al 1995;J M Rubin et al 2001;Berg et al 2000) a clarifying concept which was developed for Color Dopler signal analysis, but has the handicap of the angle effect (Pemberton et al 2005;Li et al 2005), reason why it was left aside. Until the algorithms for calculating velocity of particles from power Doppler signals were developed (M. G. Jones et al 2003;Kripfgans et al 2006;Petersch & Hönigmann 2007) Surface integration of velocity vectors is based on Gauss' theorem, which relates the divergence of the quantity (v) in an enclosed volume (V) to the flux through the surface (S) covering (V).…”

Evaluation of a New 3‐Dimensional Color Doppler Flow Method to Quantify Flow Across the Mitral Valve and in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

“…In a clinical setting, the direct Fick and thermodilution methods are used to measure cardiac output and estimate therapeutic effects for patients with critical statuses 1 – 16 . Despite being considered the current clinical standards, both methods are invasive procedures with risks such as bleeding, thrombus formation, embolism, and catheter‐related infection 6 , 9 , 10 . Consequently, a noninvasive, simple, and repeatable modality is required by investigators.…”

“…In a clinical setting, the direct Fick and thermodilution methods are used to measure cardiac output and estimate therapeutic effects for patients with critical statuses. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Despite being considered the current clinical standards, both methods are invasive procedures with risks such Abbreviations LV, left ventricle; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MV, mitral valve; 3D, 3-dimensional; 2D, 2-dimensional A ©2014 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine | J Ultrasound Med 2014; 33:265-271 | 0278-4297 | www.aium.org ORIGINAL RESEARCHObjectives-The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy, feasibility, and reproducibility of determining stroke volume from a novel 3-dimensional (3D) color Doppler flow quantification method for mitral valve (MV) inflow and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) outflow at different stroke volumes when compared with the actual flow rate in a pumped porcine cardiac model.Methods-Thirteen freshly harvested pig hearts were studied in a water tank. We inserted a latex balloon into each left ventricle from the MV annulus to the LVOT, which were passively pumped at different stroke volumes (30-80 mL) using a calibrated piston pump at increments of 10 mL.…”