A Novel Method for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Based on Graphene-Impedimetric Immunosensor

Abstract

Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been an increase in the search for affordable healthcare devices for mass testing and rapid diagnosis. In this context, this work described a new methodology for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on an impedimetric immunosensor developed using the advantageous immobilization of antibodies in the reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO was obtained by chemical synthesis from the commercial graphene oxide (GO), and the materials were morphologically, electrochemically and visually characterized. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to evaluate the fabrication steps of the immunosensor. The electrochemical immunoassay was considered for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD detection using a impedimetric immunosensor and redox couple ([(Fe(CN)6)]3−/4−) as a probe. The immunosensor was effectively developed and applied in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD in saliva samples.

Peptide-based simple detection of SARS-CoV-2 with electrochemical readout

“…Previous reports have found that Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-based biosensors rapidly detect bioreceptors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with high sensitivity, specificity and reliability [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. In such biosensors, bioreceptors are anchored on the working electrode surface to directly bind to target molecules specifically, generating changes in the interfacial properties in a concentration-dependent manner [ [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated label-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

“…In the past three years, several electrochemical biosensors have been developed for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigens based on diverse modified electrodes [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] . Despite such successes, the majority of these strategies either require sophisticated fabrication of an electrochemically responsive interface or synthesis of electroactive labels that link to bioreceptors [30] , [31] , or suffer from potential cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with antibodies generated against other coronaviruses due to their high genome similarities [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] . These drawbacks thereby result in potential tradeoffs in terms of sensitivity, specificity and user-friendliness.…”

Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review

“…Recently, Zaccariotto et al [ 97 ], an impedimetric immunosensor was developed by immobilizing antibodies on modified glassy carbon for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Figure 4 illustrates the fabrication steps of the electrochemical immunosensor.…”