“…Monitoring and early warning (EW) systems for the detection of natural hazards are usually based on a network of sensors and related to developments in geospatial engineering (Bhattacharya et al, 2012), which enable the protection of infrastructure and populations, and the mitigation of long-term consequences (Kubo et al, 2011). The developments of GPS technology, that is, sampling rate up to 100 Hz (HĂ€berling et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2018), the introduction of additional satellite systems as GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, and so forth (Msaewe et al, 2017;Teunissen et al, 2014), and the broad operation of permanent GNSS networks (Bock & Melgar, 2016) provide continuous time series of GNSS products, which can reflect potential ground deformation (Liu et al, 2017;Reilinger et al, 2006) and troposphere/ionosphere abnormalities (Wielgosz et al, 2005), all of which are related to geohazards. More specifically, GNSS coordinate time series are used in applications for the estimation of earthquake magnitude (Blewitt et al, 2006;Wright et al, 2012) and earthquake characteristics (Geng et al, 2013;Melgar et al, 2013;Psimoulis et al, 2014), tsunamis (Ohta et al, 2012), hydrological loadings (van Dam et al, 2001;Tregoning et al, 2009), vertical land movements and sea-level rise (Teferle et al, 2006), and ionospheric storms (Wielgosz et al, 2005).…”