A novel, low power biosensor for real time monitoring of creatinine and urea in peritoneal dialysis

Premanode, Bhusana; Toumazou, C.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2006.03.051

Cited by 77 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With the recent advance in microelectronic technology, ISFET-based sensing mechanism plays an important role in the development of microsensors mainly due to the features of low cost, ease of miniaturization, as well as low output impedance (Bergveld, 2003). Borrowing from the wellestablished ISFET sensing mechanism, pH-ISFET-based biosensors has been actively proposed for various biosensing purposes such as glucose (Luo et al, 2004), lactate (Kharitonov et al, 2001), creatinine (Premanode and Toumazou, 2007), urea (Boubriak et al, 1995) or DNA (Bandiera et al, 2007). The fundamental configuration of biosensing of these kinds is based on the conjugation of a pH sensitive electrode with a biological recognition layer normally containing enzymes specific to the detection target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural properties and sensing performance of high-k Nd2TiO5 thin layer-based electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor for pH detection and urea biosensing

Pan

Lin

et al. 2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural properties and sensing performance of high-k Nd2TiO5 thin layer-based electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor for pH detection and urea biosensing

Pan

Lin

et al. 2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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“…The application of ISFETs as ENFET biosensors is realized when pH changes near the gate are mediated by specific enzymes, in the presence of their substance in a dose-dependent manner [104]. Small molecules including glucose [105], urea [106][107][108], acetylcholine [109], creatinine [107] and cholesterol [110] have been widely investigated using ENFETs. Most recent research has focused on silicon nanomaterials [111][112][113], Au nanowires [114] and CNTs [115][116][117], and a few studies have investigated metal oxide semiconductors.…”

Section: Biosensors Based On Field Effect Transduction Field Effect Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

et al. 2015

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Biosensing has developed tremendously since it was demonstrated by Leland C. Clark Jr. in 1962. ZnO nanomaterials are attractive candidates for fabricating biosensors, because of their diverse range of nanostructures, high electron mobility, chemical stability, electrochemical activity, high isoelectric points which promote enzyme adsorption, biocompatibility, and piezoelectric properties. This review covers ZnO nanostructures applied in enzyme biosensors, in the light of electrochemical transduction and field effect transduction. Different assembly processes and immobilization methods have been used to load enzymes into various ZnO nanostructures, providing enzymes with favorable micro-environments and enhancing their sensing performance. We briefly describe recent trends in ZnO syntheses, and the analytical performance of the fabricated biosensors, summarize the advantages of using ZnO nanostructures in biosensors, and conclude with future challenges and prospects.

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“…Premanode and Toumazou went on to use the same enzyme sequence on a FET-based transducer, which gave a linear relationship for urea and creatinine in the ranges of 0-200 mM and 0-20 mM, respectively. 23 Specifics for the immobilization of the enzymes were not given. Table 1 lists the characteristics of various potentiometric creatinine biosensors.…”

Section: Enzyme Immobilization For Potentiometric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

2008

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To measure creatinine, electrochemical techniques have been coupled with a range of biological recognition elements in a variety of sensor configurations. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs.acs.org/ac.The measurement of creatinine levels in human blood or urine is clinically essential because the levels partially reflect the state of renal and muscle function. Creatinine is naturally produced by the body and is filtered from the bloodstream by the kidneys in relatively constant amounts every day. The normal physiological concentration is 40-150 µM, but it can exceed 1000 µM in certain pathological conditions. Blood levels >150 µM indicate the need to perform tests such as creatinine clearance. Values >500 µM indicate severe renal impairment, ultimately leading to dialysis or transplantation; 1 levels <40 µM indicate decreased muscle mass.The methods most often used for the clinical determination of creatinine are based on colorimetry. 2 However, the methods are affected by numerous metabolites and drugs found in biological samples, such as glucose, fructose, ketone bodies, ascorbic acid, and cephalosporins. 3,4 Introducing enzymes has increased specificity, but the methods also became complicated and less reliable. Large and expensive benchtop analyzers incorporating a number of electrochemical electrodes have been used in central clinical laboratories. Portable and handheld devices incorporating a single-use creatinine biosensor cartridge also have been used.The goal of biosensor engineering in the clinical laboratory setting is to reduce cost, time, and complexity of routine analysis of biological fluids; to enable near-patient testing of blood, urine, and saliva in medical centers; and ultimately to enable home testing by individuals. 5 This article looks at the developments in electrochemical creatinine biosensor research in terms of sensor design and analytical performance on the basis of the recognition element and the nature of transducer. Parameters and specific performance characteristics to consider include cost (<$10/ sensing strip), response time (<1.5 minutes [min]), detection limit (e10 µM), linear range (10-1000 µM), and lifetime (>1 year).

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A novel, low power biosensor for real time monitoring of creatinine and urea in peritoneal dialysis

Cited by 77 publications

References 4 publications

Structural properties and sensing performance of high-k Nd2TiO5 thin layer-based electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor for pH detection and urea biosensing

Structural properties and sensing performance of high-k Nd2TiO5 thin layer-based electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor for pH detection and urea biosensing

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

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