We search for neutral heavy leptons that are isosinglets under the standard SU (2)l gauge group. Such neutral heavy leptons are expected in many extensions of the standard model. Three types of heavy leptons Ne, N^, NT associated with the three neutrino types v* have been directly searched for and no evidence for a signal has been found. We set the limit Br(Z° -► z//N*) < 3 x 10" 5 at the 95% CL for the mass range from 3 GeV up to m%.
To measure creatinine, electrochemical techniques have been coupled with a range of biological recognition elements in a variety of sensor configurations. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs.acs.org/ac.The measurement of creatinine levels in human blood or urine is clinically essential because the levels partially reflect the state of renal and muscle function. Creatinine is naturally produced by the body and is filtered from the bloodstream by the kidneys in relatively constant amounts every day. The normal physiological concentration is 40-150 µM, but it can exceed 1000 µM in certain pathological conditions. Blood levels >150 µM indicate the need to perform tests such as creatinine clearance. Values >500 µM indicate severe renal impairment, ultimately leading to dialysis or transplantation; 1 levels <40 µM indicate decreased muscle mass.The methods most often used for the clinical determination of creatinine are based on colorimetry. 2 However, the methods are affected by numerous metabolites and drugs found in biological samples, such as glucose, fructose, ketone bodies, ascorbic acid, and cephalosporins. 3,4 Introducing enzymes has increased specificity, but the methods also became complicated and less reliable. Large and expensive benchtop analyzers incorporating a number of electrochemical electrodes have been used in central clinical laboratories. Portable and handheld devices incorporating a single-use creatinine biosensor cartridge also have been used.The goal of biosensor engineering in the clinical laboratory setting is to reduce cost, time, and complexity of routine analysis of biological fluids; to enable near-patient testing of blood, urine, and saliva in medical centers; and ultimately to enable home testing by individuals. 5 This article looks at the developments in electrochemical creatinine biosensor research in terms of sensor design and analytical performance on the basis of the recognition element and the nature of transducer. Parameters and specific performance characteristics to consider include cost (<$10/ sensing strip), response time (<1.5 minutes [min]), detection limit (e10 µM), linear range (10-1000 µM), and lifetime (>1 year).
We present a study of 43 000 3-jet events from Z° boson decays. Both the measured jet energy distributions and the event orientation are reproduced by second order QCD. An alternative model with scalar gluons fails to describe the data.
tralino production via t-channel exchange, which is of OCR Output a forward-backward tracking chamber, a high resolu assumed to be heavier than 45 so that the decays X' -+ Xh, XAand X' -» Xfff°°r esults are interpreted in the MSSM context as well as h° or A0, and charginos, gi are sufficiently large [5] hadronic Z decays collected in 1991 ---1993. TheseWe assume that the masses of the lightest higgs, search for neutralinos, which are based on 1.8 X 10 involving ·r leptons.We present the event selection and results of our small branching fraction, we did not investigate decays mass to charged leptons and quarks of charge -%e. with mx less than 18 GeV, if either tanB > 2 or the gluino mass mz-> 100 GeV.In the framework ofthe Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, we exclude a lightest X used to set upper limits of a few times 10'° on the branching ratios Z -• XX' and Z -» X'X'.hadronic Z decays collected with the L3 detector at LEP. Absence of any signal has been neutralino, X, and either a photon or a fcrmion pair. This analysis is based on 1.8 x 106XX' and e+e" -> X' X' , where the next-to lightest neutralino, X', decays into the lightest A search for neutralinos produced in Z decays has been performed via the reactions e+e" --> ABSTRACT L3 Collaboration
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