A novel K-ion battery: hexacyanoferrate(<scp>ii</scp>)/graphite cell

Bie, Xiaofei; Kubota, Kei; Hosaka, Tomooki; Chihara, Kuniko; Komaba, Shinichi

doi:10.1039/c7ta00220c

Cited by 440 publications

(559 citation statements)

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“…Note that in the first few charge cycles, more than the theoretical capacity (≈155 mA h g −1 ) was achieved, possibly due to parasitic reactions with the electrolyte and/ or electrochemical dehydration, as often observed in Prussian blue analogues. [88] Two distinct plateaus were observed during charge (4.05 and 4.1 V) and discharge (3.85 and 4 V) with a small voltage step. Xue et al suggested that the low-voltage plateau originates from a low-spin Fe 2+/3+ redox reaction, whereas the high-voltage plateau reflects a high-spin Mn 2+/3+ reaction.…”

Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27,90] Overall, the specific energy achievable in K x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 1−z -nH 2 O with the two-electron redox reaction rivals that of LiFePO 4 , though its volumetric energy density is unsatisfactory. [83,88] The full cell performance against the graphite anode shown in Figure 8b reveals excellent discharge rate capability, with delivery of 62 mA h g cathode −1 at a 2 A g cathode −1 rate.…”

Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors suggested that the monoclinic-cubic transition is due to a transition from cooperatively rotated MnN 6 and FeC 6 polyhedra (K ≈ 2) to an unrotated alignment (K ≈ 1) as illustrated in Figure 10. [88] The cubic-to-tetragonal transition, on the other hand, can be explained by the JahnTeller distortion caused by the high-spin Mn 3+ . [88] Note that when the M A site is occupied by Jahn-Teller inactive elements such as high-spin Fe 3+ , the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation is unobservable; [82,83] and instead a solid-solution type intercalation reaction occurs.…”

Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bie et al demonstrated how the structure of K 1.75-x Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.93 -0.16H 2 O evolves during electrochemical cycling. [88] Upon K extraction, the material undergoes a two-phase reaction from a structure with monoclinic (space group P2 1 /n) to a cubic (space group Fm-3m) structure in the range 0.4 < x < 0.9, which corresponds to the voltage plateau at 4.08 V in Figure 8a. Further potassium extraction transforms the cubic phase to a tetragonal (space group I-4m2) phase through a two-phase reaction from x = 1.4 to the end of charge.…”

Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[82,83,88,89] Whereas the M B site is generally occupied by Fe, the use of different transition metals for the M A site leads to different K intercalation capacities and rate capability. [20] [88] A reversible discharge capacity of 137 mA h g −1 , which reflects near theoretical K intercalation (1.88 K), is achieved at a cycling rate of 30 mA g −1 . Note that in the first few charge cycles, more than the theoretical capacity (≈155 mA h g −1 ) was achieved, possibly due to parasitic reactions with the electrolyte and/ or electrochemical dehydration, as often observed in Prussian blue analogues.…”

Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress and Perspective in Electrode Materials for K‐Ion Batteries

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and demand in terms of time and space. Thus, grid-level stationary energy storage systems (ESSs) play a key role in making renewable energies both effective and efficient and thereby shaping a more sustainable and environmental friendly society.Although different energy storage technologies including mechanical, electrical, chemical, and electrochemical systems have been proposed, [2,3] mechanical energy storage through pumped hydroelectricity currently dominates the market (≈95% of the installed capacity, ≈183 GW). [4] Electrochemical energy storage is also being considered as a promising option for ESSs based on its flexibility of deployment with little restriction on size and geographical location, low maintenance costs, large energy density, high round-trip efficiency, and long cycle life. [3,5,6] The market for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), originally commercialized for portable electronic devices (i.e., cell phones and laptops), is now expanding to electric vehicles (EVs) and gridlevel ESSs. However, it remains debatable whether the global Li reserves, ≈14 million tons, can meet the increasing demand for such large-scale applications. [7][8][9] The price of lithium carbonate, which is a primary precursor for LIBs, has been continuously increasing since 2000, [10] and this trend is likely to accelerate once the EV and ESS markets take off. Moreover, Li is geographically limited to specific regions: ≈86% of the Li reserves are located in Bolivia, Chile, China, Argentina, and Australia; [9] therefore, geopolitical issues may arise. A more pressing issue for Li-ion markets is the use of Co in all high-energy-density systems. With more than 50% of all mined Co destined for use in Li-ion technology, and a substantial fraction of that coming from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Li-ion growth may be hampered by the availability of Co. [11] As a less expensive alternative to LIBs, Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have been extensively studied. [6,[12][13][14] The relatively high standard redox potential of Na/Na + leads to a lower working voltage and thereby lower energy density than Li-ion. In addition, hard carbon, which is associated with a high production cost and low material's density, must be used as an anode in NIBs, as graphite, which is the standard anode for LIBs, cannot store Na ions. [15][16][17] Recently, K-ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as another possible energy storage system. [18][19][20] It is notable that the abundance of K resources in the Earth's crust and oceans is similar to that of Na (Figure 1a). [21,22] The cost of potassium carbonate The development of rechargeable batteries using K ions as charge carriers has recently attracted considerable attention in the search for cost-effective and large-scale energy storage systems. In light of this trend, various materials for positive and negative electrodes are proposed and evaluated for application in K-ion batteries. Here, a comprehensive review of ongoing materials research on nonaqueous K-ion batteries is offered. Information on the status of ...

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Section: Hexacyanometallate Groups (Prussian Blue Analogues)mentioning

confidence: 99%