A novel ionic liquid/polyoxomolybdate based sensor for ultra-high sensitive monitoring of Al(III): Optimization by Taguchi statistical design

Abstract

A novel ionic liquid electrostatically supported Nano-Cspolyoxomolybdate modified carbon paste electrode (Nano-PMo12/IL-CPE) has been developed by using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim.BF4) as a hydrophobic binder. The supramolecular gel (PMo12/IL) exhibits an ordered structure, various physicochemical properties, and specifically as a result of its substantial reversible self-assembly, it can be used as an intelligent ion-exchange smart platform in the carbon paste bulk of the electrode. As expected, a significant linear correspondence was found between the sensor output signal (emf/mV) and logarithm of Al(III) ion activity with a Nernstian slope of 19.9 (±0.2) mVdecade-1 over a wide concentration range of 1.0×10-9 to 2.2×10-1 molL-1 (R2=0.9999). The sensor considered, exploits an astounding lower limit of detection and short response time of 7.94×10-10 molL-1 and 8.0 sec. respectively within the working pH range of 2.0 to 5.0. A statistical design of experimental (Taguchi method with Qualitek-4 software and L16 orthogonal array robust design) was implemented in this work to optimize the process to achieve the least number of experimental runs as much as possible. Ultimately, practical capability of the sensor was investigated successfully by assessment of Al(III) ion quantity in some aqueous samples namely mineral water, Al-Mg syrup, black tea extract, and ore samples (Basalt and Andesite), in perfect agreement with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS).

A sensitive and rapid determination of zinc ion (Zn2+) using electrochemical sensor based on f-MWCNTs/CS/PB/AuE in drinking water

“…Between 0.3 and 0.85 V, the target ion was suspected of releasing an electron and generated the current signal. According to the results, the current signal decreased as the modified electrode was stored for an extended period of time 40 . The changing current signal fell by 10% from the initial day to 7 days, but decreased by approximately 20% and 24% after that (14 days and 21 days, respectively).…”

Optimisation of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Bare Gold Electrode for Detection of Aluminium Ion

“…Excessive exposure to this metal element has been linked to serious health problems related to neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (Rastogi, Dash, & Ballal, 2017), Parkinson's disease and dementia (Ramezani, Jahani, Mashhadizadeh, Shahbazi, & Jalilian, 2018), breast cancer (Kim, Angupillai, & Son, 2016) and other diseases like osteomalacia (Kim et al, 2016;Sarkar, Ghosh, Gharami, Mondal, & Murmu, 2017). Therefore, accurate determination and efficient monitoring of aluminium level in the food chain, especially the drinking water system has become increasingly important.…”

“…In recent years, electrochemical techniques for determination of aluminium are a subject of immense interest by researchers worldwide as a simple and rapid alternative to the aforementioned conventional methods. On top of that, an advanced method allowed for the fabrication of portable device via in situ analysis (Suherman et al, 2018;Ramezani et al, 2018). In electrochemical sensing, selection of suitable working electrode is important as it has a direct impact on the current formation.…”